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Lee A. Armstrong, Sven M. Lange, Virginia De Cesare, Stephen P. Matthews, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi, Isobel Cole, Anthony Hope, Fraser Cunningham, Rachel Toth, Rukmini Mukherjee, Denisa Bojkova, Franz Gruber, David Gray, Paul G. Wyatt, Jindrich Cinatl, Ivan Dikic, Paul Davies, Yogesh Kulathu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Lee A. Armstrong, Sven M. Lange, Virginia De Cesare, Stephen P. Matthews, Raja Sekhar Nirujogi, Isobel Cole, Anthony Hope, Fraser Cunningham, Rachel Toth, Rukmini Mukherjee, Denisa Bojkova, Franz Gruber, David Gray, Paul G. Wyatt, Jindrich Cinatl, Ivan Dikic, Paul Davies, Yogesh Kulathu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedReem Hoteit, Imad Bou-Hamad, Sahar Hijazi, Dinah Ayna, Maya Romani, Christo El Morr
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Reem Hoteit, Imad Bou-Hamad, Sahar Hijazi, Dinah Ayna, Maya Romani, Christo El Morr Objectives University students are regarded as the backbone of society, and their mental health during a pandemic may have a substantial impact on their performance and life outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ mental health, specifically depression, anxiety, and stress, during Lebanon’s extended COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the sociodemographic factors and lifestyle practices associated with it. Methods An online anonymous survey assessed the rates of mental health problems during COVID-19, controlling for socio-demographics and other lifestyle practices, in 329 undergraduate and graduate university students. Instruments utilized were the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (21-BAI) for anxiety, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for stress. The study employed descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models to analyze the association between depression, anxiety, and stress with sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Results were evaluated using adjusted odds ratios and confidence intervals, with a significance level of 0.05. Results Moderate to severe rates of depression, anxiety and stress among students were reported by 75.9%, 72.2%, and 89.3%, respectively. The odds of anxiety and stress were higher among women compared to men. Students who used private counseling services had higher odds of anxiety and stress than those who did not. Overall rated health was a major predictor of depression and anxiety, with the \'poor\' and \'fair\' overall-reported health groups having higher odds than the \'Excellent\' group. When compared to those who did not smoke, students who increased their smoking intake had higher odds of depression, anxiety and stress. Students who reduced their alcohol consumption had lower odds of anxiety compared to those who did not consume alcohol. Students who reduced their physical activity had higher odds than those who increased it. Finally, students who slept fewer than seven hours daily had higher odds of depression than those who slept seven to nine hours. Conclusion Our findings indicate a national student mental health crisis, with exceptionally high rates of moderate to severe depression, anxiety, and stress. Factors such as gender, university program, overall rated health, importance of religion in daily decisions, private counseling, smoking cigarettes, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and sleeping, were all found to have an impact on mental health outcomes. Our study highlights the need for university administrators and mental health professionals to consider targeted mental health programming for students, particularly for women and those with poor or fair overall perceived health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKatarzyna Arkusz, Kamila Pasik, Aleksandra Jędrzejewska, Tomasz Klekiel, Waldemar Woźniak, Marta Nycz, Roman Stryjski
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Katarzyna Arkusz, Kamila Pasik, Aleksandra Jędrzejewska, Tomasz Klekiel, Waldemar Woźniak, Marta Nycz, Roman Stryjski Effective surface disinfection is crucial for preventing the spread of pathogens in hospitals. Standard UltraViolet-C (UV-C) lamps have been widely used for this purpose, but their disinfection efficiency under real-world conditions is not well understood. To fill this gap, the influence of the power of the ultraviolet radiator, source-sample distance, and exposure time on the performance of UV-C lamps against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were experimentally determined in the laboratory and hospital. The obtained results showed that the UV irradiance and, thus, the UV-C disinfection efficiency decreased significantly at distances greater than 100 cm from the UV-C lamp. Moreover, increasing the total power of the radiators does not improve the performance of UV-C lamps under real conditions. The UV-C disinfection efficiency greater than 90% was achieved only under laboratory conditions at a close distance from the UV-C lamp, i.e., 10 cm. These findings provide novel insights into the limitations of UV-C lamps in real-world conditions and highlight the need for more effective disinfection strategies in hospitals.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHao Tan, Jiayan Liu, Yingli Zhang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by Hao Tan, Jiayan Liu, Yingli Zhang As a major concern shared by parents globally, COVID-19 vaccine safety is typically being messaged to the public in a negative frame in many countries. However, whether the COVID-19 vaccine safety framing have an effect on parents when vaccinating their children is unclear. Here we implement an online survey with a convenience sample of 3,861 parents living in mainland China, all over 18 years old and with at least one child under 18. The parents were randomly assigned to receive information about COVID-19 vaccine safety in either a negative frame (incidence of side effects) or a positive frame (the inverse incidence of side effects), to compare parental reactions to a range of questions about communication, risk perception, trust, involvement and behavioral intention. We found that parents were more likely to regard vaccine safety as relevant to policy support and as a higher priority for government when receiving positively framed information (p = 0.002). For some specific subgroups, parents in positive framing group showed lower risk perception and higher trust (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedR. Constance Wiener, Eric W. Lundstrom
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
by R. Constance Wiener, Eric W. Lundstrom Background A large proportion of United States (U.S.) youth play basketball, baseball, softball, or T-ball. Each of the activities poses a documented risk of craniofacial and neck injuries. However, few studies have assessed the national prevalence of pediatric craniofacial and neck injuries in this population, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) dataset was used to identify pediatric craniofacial and neck injuries associated with basketball, baseball, softball, or T-ball from 2003–2022 in a cross-sectional study. The annual number of injuries before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) was used to estimate the pandemic’s impact on the monthly number of injuries incurred nationally. Results Both overall and stratified by sport involvement, the annual number and rate of injuries identified in NEISS decreased significantly after the COVID-19 pandemic. ITSA demonstrated that the monthly number of injuries decreased -4094.4 (95% CI = -5100, -3088.7) immediately after the beginning of the pandemic. The number of injuries began increasing towards pre-pandemic levels at a rate of 110.6 (95% CI = 64, 157.2) injuries per month after the initial plunge. Conclusion Prior to the-pandemic, there was a steady decline in craniofacial and neck injuries due to basketball, baseball, softball and T-ball among children, aged
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Qiangru Huang, Yanxia Sun, Mengmeng Jia, Mingyue Jiang, Yunshao Xu, Luzhao Feng, Weizhong Yang
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Laura Backus, Patrick Foley, Janet Foley
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Truc Ly Nguyen, Heebal Kim
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXin FengJia-Li YuYi-Fan SunChen-Yan DuYao ShenLu ZhangWei-Zhong KongSu HanYang Cheng1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Laboratory of Pathogen Infection and Immunity, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China3Department of Food Quality and Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China4Department of General Practice, Rongxiang Street Community Health Service Center, Binhu District, Wuxi, China, Jeroen P. J. Saeij
Infection and Immunity, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Sophie HartuisIsabelle Ourliac-GarnierEstelle RobertMarjorie AlbassierLéa DuchesneClara BeaufilsJoséphine KuhnPatrice Le PapeFlorent Morio1Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, Nantes, France2Nantes Université, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité, Nantes, France3Department Public Health, Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France, Andreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Katerina ChudejovaTsolaire SourenianJana PalkovicovaKatarina StredanskaLucie NechutnaKaterina VlkovaVendula StudentovaJaroslav HrabakCostas C. PapagiannitsisMonika DolejskaIbrahim Bitar1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic2Central European Institute of Technology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic3Department of Microbiology, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece4Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic5Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, The University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic, Boudewijn L. de Jonge, Working group for monitoring of antibiotic resistanceMarian GlasnakDana KrckovaBeata HorvathovaJana JurankovaRenata TejkalovaZora PokornaVladimir FibigerDavid SusMarian MednanskyLenka RyskovaMiriam KoupilovaJana KotalikovaMiroslava PrejzkovaMarie BohackovaMarie SmolikovaHelena SkacanDenisa VeselaBlanka PuchalkovaGalina EliasovaHelena NedvedovaLenka UnuckovaYvona BarinkovaHana KremeckovaDaniela FackovaJana JaneckovaRoman JirsaRoman ZarubaEva VeselaDana ZamazalovaMarie DovalovaIva VagnerovaVladimir KurfurstBlanka OchvatovaEva ChmelarovaEva KrejciEva ZalabskaVera KurkovaSimona BlahovaTamara BergerovaVaclava AdamkovaJan KubeleMarketa SkruznaDaniela BalikovaAlena SteinerovaZuzana SemerakovaMiloslava KocianovaMartina CurdovaHelena ZemlickovaVladislav JakubuZuzana KadleckovaElka NycovaHelena JordakovaOtakar NycFilip PrusikIvana KohnovaRenata HolnovaEva SimeckovaErika CzyzovaAlice KucharovaLadislav TrojanDanuta UrbusovaEva VitovaJana RepiscakovaJarmila MiklovaLenka DvorakovaJirina JiresovaJan TkadlecZdena PitakovaNatasa BartonikovaMichal Stanek1Rudolf's and Stefanie's Hospital in Benesov, Benesov, Czechia2Laboratory Ifcor, Brno, Czechia3University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia4Laboratory Spadia, Brno, Czechia5University Hospital sv. Anna, Brno, Czechia6Laboratory Bio-Plus, Brno, Czechia7Hospital Ceska Lipa, Ceska Lipa, Czechia8Hospital Ceske Budejovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czechia9Hospital Havlickuv Brod, Havlickuv Brod, Czechia10University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czechia11Laboratory Privatni mikrobiologicka laborator, Hradec Kralove, Czechia12Laboratory Dia-Gon MP, Cheb, Czechia13Laboratory Synlab, Chomutov, Czechia14Hospital Chrudim, Chrudim, Czechia15Hospital Jicin, Jicin, Czechia16Hospital Jihlava, Jihlava, Czechia17Hospital Jindrichuv Hradec, Jindrichuv Hradec, Czechia18Hospital Karlovy Vary, Karlovy Vary, Czechia19Hospital Kladno, Kladno, Czechia20Hospital Klatovy, Klatovy, Czechia21Hospital Kolin, Kolin, Czechia22Hospital Kromeriz, Kromeriz, Czechia23Hospital Kyjov, Kyjov, Czechia24Hospital Liberec, Liberec, Czechia25Hospital Litomysl, Litomysl, Czechia26Hospital Mlada Boleslav, Mlada Boleslav, Czechia27Hospital Most, Most, Czechia28Hospital Nachod, Nachod, Czechia29Hospital Nove Mesto na Morave, Nove Mesto na Morav, Czechia30Laboratory Agel, Novy Jicin, Czechia31University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia32Hospital Opava, Opava, Czechia33Laboratory Spadia, Ostrava, Czechia34Laboratory Agel, Ostrava, Czechia35Institute for Public Health, Ostrava, Czechia36Hospital Pardubice, Pardubice, Czechia37Hospital Pisek, Pisek, Czechia38Hospital PRIVAMED, Plzen, Czechia39University Hospital Pilsen, Plzen, Czechia40General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia41Hospital Na Homolce, Prague, Czechia42IKEM, Prague, Czechia43Laboratory Ceska laboratorni, Prague, Czechia44Laboratory CityLab, Prague, Czechia45Laboratory Spadia, Prague, Czechia46Laboratory Synlab, Prague, Czechia47Military University Hospital, Prague, Czechia48'National Reference Laboratory for Antibiotics, National Institute of Public Health', Prague, Czechia49Thomayer University Hospital, Prague, Czechia50University Hospital Bulovka, Prague, Czechia51University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czechia52University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia53Hospital Pribram, Pribram, Czechia54AGEL Hospital Prostejov, Prostejov, Czechia55Laboratory Agel, Sternberk, Czechia56Hospital Strakonice, Strakonice, Czechia57Hospital Sumperk, Sumperk, Czechia58Hospital Tabor, Tabor, Czechia59Hospital Trebic, Trebic, Czechia60Laboratory Agel, Trinec, Czechia61Hospital Trutnov, Trutnov, Czechia62Hospital Uherske Hradiste, Uherske Hradiste, Czechia63Laboratory Ifcor, Uherske Hradiste, Czechia64Masaryk Hospital Usti nad Labem, Usti nad Labem, Czechia65Usti nad Orlici Hospital, Usti nad Orlici, Czechia66Hospital Vsetin, Vsetin, Czechia67Hospital Vyskov, Vyskov, Czechia68Bata's Hospital, Zlin, Czechia69Hospital Znojmo, Znojmo, Czechia
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Altered cholesterol, oxysterol, sphingolipid, and fatty acid concentrations are reported in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and brain tissue of people with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and are linked to disease progression and treatment responses. CD4+ T cells are pathogenic in RRMS, and defective T cell function could be mediated in part by liver X receptors (LXRs) - nuclear receptors that regulate lipid homeostasis and immunity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis identified that genes within the ‘lipid metabolism’ and ‘signalling of nuclear receptors’ pathways were dysregulated in CD4+ T cells isolated from RRMS patients compared with healthy donors. While LXRB and genes associated with cholesterol metabolism were upregulated, other T cell LXR-target genes, including genes involved in cellular lipid uptake (inducible degrader of the LDL receptor, IDOL), and the rate-limiting enzyme for glycosphingolipid biosynthesis (UDP-glucosylceramide synthase, UGCG) were downregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS compared to healthy donors. Correspondingly, plasma membrane glycosphingolipids were reduced, and cholesterol levels increased in RRMS CD4+ T cells, an effect partially recapitulated in healthy T cells by in vitro culture with T cell receptor stimulation in the presence of serum from RRMS patients. Notably, stimulation with LXR-agonist GW3965 normalised membrane cholesterol levels, and reduced proliferation and IL17 cytokine production in RRMS CD4+ T-cells. Thus, LXR-mediated lipid metabolism pathways were dysregulated in T cells from patients with RRMS and could contribute to RRMS pathogenesis. Therapies that modify lipid metabolism could help restore immune cell function.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedD'souza, B., Glover, A., Bavor, C., Brown, B., Dodd, R. H., Lee, J. C., Millar, J., Miller, J. A., Zalcberg, J. R., Serpell, J., Ioannou, L. J., Nickel, B.
BMJ Open, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
ObjectivesThe study aims to investigate the perceptions of patients with thyroid cancer on the potential impact of diagnosis and treatment delays during the COVID-19 pandemic. DesignThis study involved qualitative semi-structured telephone interviews. The interviews were transcribed verbatim, analysed using the thematic framework analysis method and reported using the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research. SettingParticipants in the study were treated and/or managed at hospital sites across New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Participants17 patients with thyroid cancer were interviewed and included in the analysis (14 females and 3 males). ResultsThe delays experienced by patients ranged from 12 months. The patients reported about delays to diagnostic tests, delays to surgery and radioactive iodine treatment, perceived disease progression and, for some, the financial burden of choosing to go through private treatment to minimise the delay. Most patients also reported not wanting to experience delays any longer than they did, due to unease and anxiety. ConclusionsThis study highlights an increased psychological burden in patients with thyroid cancer who experienced delayed diagnosis and/or treatment during COVID-19. The impacts experienced by patients during this time may be similar in the case of other unexpected delays and highlight the need for regular clinical review during delays to diagnosis or treatment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJanko, M. M., Araujo, A. L., Ascencio, E. J., Guedes, G. R., Vasco, L. E., Santos, R. O., Damasceno, C. P., Medrano, P. G., Chacon-Uscamaita, P. R., Gunderson, A. K., OMalley, S., Kansara, P. H., Narvaez, M. B., Coombes, C., Pizzitutti, F., Salmon-Mulanovich, G., Zaitchik, B. F., Mena, C. F., Lescano, A. G., Barbieri, A. F., Pan, W. K.
BMJ Open, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
IntroductionUnderstanding human mobility’s role in malaria transmission is critical to successful control and elimination. However, common approaches to measuring mobility are ill-equipped for remote regions such as the Amazon. This study develops a network survey to quantify the effect of community connectivity and mobility on malaria transmission. MethodsWe measure community connectivity across the study area using a respondent driven sampling design among key informants who are at least 18 years of age. 45 initial communities will be selected: 10 in Brazil, 10 in Ecuador and 25 in Peru. Participants will be recruited in each initial node and administered a survey to obtain data on each community’s mobility patterns. Survey responses will be ranked and the 2–3 most connected communities will then be selected and surveyed. This process will be repeated for a third round of data collection. Community network matrices will be linked with each country’s malaria surveillance system to test the effects of mobility on disease risk. Ethics and disseminationThis study protocol has been approved by the institutional review boards of Duke University (USA), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (Ecuador), Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (Peru) and Universidade Federal Minas Gerais (Brazil). Results will be disseminated in communities by the end of the study.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMorimoto, T., Morikawa, T., Imura, H., Nezu, M., Hamazaki, K., Sakuma, M., Chaumont, A., Moitinho de Almeida, M., Moreno, V. P., Ho, Y., Harrington, L., Matsuki, T., Nakamura, T.
BMJ Open, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
IntroductionRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a causative virus for the common cold worldwide and can result in hospitalisations and even death in patients with high-risk conditions and older adults. However, the relationship between RSV or other incidental respiratory infections and acute exacerbations of underlying conditions has not been well investigated. The primary objective of this study is to estimate RSV prevalence, risk factors for adverse outcomes or hospitalisation and their effect on the hospital course of patients with acute respiratory symptoms admitted from emergency departments. Furthermore, we evaluate the prevalence of other respiratory viruses associated with respiratory symptoms. Methods and analysisWe are conducting a multicentre prospective cohort study in Japan. We plan to enrol 3000 consecutive patients admitted from emergency departments with acute respiratory symptoms or signs from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024. A nasopharyngeal swab is obtained within 24 hours of admission and the prevalence of RSV and other respiratory viruses is measured using the FilmArray Respiratory 2.1 panel. Paired serum samples are collected from patients with suspected lower respiratory infections to measure RSV antibodies at admission and 30 days later. Information on patients’ hospital course is retrieved from the electronic medical records at discharge, death or 30 days after admission. Furthermore, information on readmission to the hospital and all-cause mortality is collected 180 days after admission. We assess the differences in clinical outcomes between patients with RSV or other respiratory viruses and those without, adjusting for baseline characteristics. Clinical outcomes include in-hospital mortality, length of hospital stay, disease progression, laboratory tests and management of respiratory symptoms or underlying conditions. Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol was approved by the institutional review boards of participating hospitals. Our study reports will be published in academic journals as well as international meetings. Trial registration numberNCT05913700.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZhenyu NieFengge ZhaiHan ZhangHaixue ZhengJingjing Peia State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Chinab Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Pathogen Biology, Lanzhou, Chinac College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
Virulence, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Hozaifa MetwallyMaha M. ElbrashyTatsuhiko OzawaKazuki OkuyamaJason T. WhiteJanyerkye TulyeuJonas Nørskov SøndergaardJames Badger WingArisa MuratsuHisatake MatsumotoMasahito IkawaHiroyuki KishiIchiro TaniuchiTadamitsu KishimotoaLaboratory of Immune Regulation, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanbBiochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza P.O. 12622, EgyptcDepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Academic Assembly, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, JapandLaboratory for Transcriptional Regulation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, JapaneLaboratory of Experimental Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanfHuman Immunology Team, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, JapangLaboratory of Human Single Cell Immunology, The World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, JapanhDepartment of Traumatology and Acute Critical Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 565-0871, JapaniResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 121, Issue 17, April 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedÖzge Çaydaşı, Eyüp Arslan, Esra Adıyeke, Taha Yusuf Kuzan, Fatma Yılmaz Karadağ, Derya Öztürk Engin
Tropical Medicine & International Health, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Analía BurgueñoMarta GiovanettiVagner FonsecaNoelia MorelMauricio LimaEmerson CastroNatália R. GuimarãesFelipe C. M. IaniVictoria BormidaMaria Noel CortinasViviana RamasLeticia CoppolaAna I. BentoLeticia FrancoJairo Mendez RicoJosé LourençoLuiz Carlos Junior AlcantaraHector Chiparellia Laboratorio de Virus Emergentes/reemergentes. Unidad de Virología, Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública Montevideo, Uruguayb Department of Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italyc Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazild Climate Amplified Diseases And Epidemics (CLIMADE), Brazile Department of Exact and Earth Sciences, University of the State of Bahia, Salvador, Brazilf Coordenação de Vigilância, Preparação e Resposta à Emergências e Desastres (PHE), Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde / Organização Mundial da Saúde (OPAS/OMS), Brasilia, Brazilg Laboratorio Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazilh Laboratorio de Genómica Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguayi Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorios, Unidad de Virología. Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Montevideo, Uruguayj Pandemic Prevention Initiative, The Rockefeller Foundation, Washington, DC, USAk Infectious Hazards Management, Health Emergencies Department (PHE), Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization (PAHO/WHO), Washington DC, USAl Faculty of Medicine, Católica Biomedical Research Center, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugalm Climate Amplified Diseases and Epidemics (CLIMADE), Portugaln Departamento de Laboratorios de Salud Pública, Unidad de Virología, Montevideo, Uruguay
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
International Journal for Parasitology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2024 Source: International Journal for Parasitology Author(s): Barbora Vomáčková Kykalová, Fabiana Sassù, Felipe Dutra Rêgo, Rodrigo Pedro Soares, Petr Volf, Erich Loza Telleria
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQingyuan Sun, Jinyang Gao, Ran An, Menggeer Wang, Yanqing Wang
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Marjolaine Destremau, Hélène Chaussade, Victor Hemar, Mathilde Beguet, Pantxika Bellecave, Elodie Blanchard, Amaury Barret, Gaelle Laboure, Claire Vasco‐Moynet, Flore Lacassin, Eloïse Morisse, Claire Aguilar, Xavier Lafarge, Marie‐Edith Lafon, Fabrice Bonnet, Nahéma Issa, Fabrice Camou
Journal of Medical Virology, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) is an opportunistic fungus that causes severe central nervous system (CNS) disease in immunocompromised individuals. Brain parenchyma invasion requires fungal traversal of the blood-brain barrier. In this study, we describe that Cn alters the brain endothelium by activating small GTPase RhoA, causing reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and tight junction modulation to regulate endothelial barrier permeability. We confirm that the main fungal capsule polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan is responsible for these alterations. We reveal a therapeutic benefit of RhoA inhibition by CCG-1423 in vivo. RhoA inhibition prolonged survival and reduced fungal burden in a murine model of disseminated cryptococcosis, supporting the therapeutic potential targeting RhoA in the context of cryptococcal infection. We examine the complex virulence of Cn in establishing CNS disease, describing cellular components of the brain endothelium that may serve as molecular targets for future antifungal therapies to alleviate the burden of life-threatening cryptococcal CNS infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEskild Petersen, Ziad A Memish, David S Hui, Alessandra Scagliarini, Lone Simonsen, Edgar Simulundu, Jennifer Bloodgood, Lucille Blumberg, Shui- Shan Lee, Alimuddin Zumla
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Michelle L. Gatton, David Smith, Cielo Pasay, Karen Anderson, Selam Mihreteab, Hugo O. Valdivia, Juan F. Sanchez, Khalid B. Beshir, Jane Cunningham, Qin Cheng
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
The emergence of mutant Plasmodium falciparum parasites with pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 deletions poses a major threat to the utility of histidine rich protein-2 (HRP2)-based malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), the mainstay diagnostic tool for detecting falciparum malaria in resource-limited settings. These gene-deleted parasites do not express HRP2/3 and are therefore undetectable by HRP2-based RDTs leading to false-negative results. Mutant parasites have now been reported from 40 of the 47 countries where investigations have been conducted [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNadine Glaser, Sophie Diexer, Bianca Klee, Dr. Oliver Purschke, Prof. Dr. med. Mascha Binder, Prof. Dr. med. Thomas Frese, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Girndt, PD Dr. med. Jessica Höll, Dr. Irene Moor, Prof. Dr. med. Jonas Rosendahl, Prof. Dr. med. Michael Gekle, Prof. Dr. med. Daniel Sedding, Prof. Dr. med. Rafael Mikolajczyk, Dr. Cornelia Gottschick
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
At the beginning of September 2022, three years after the detection of the first SARS-CoV-2 case, the World Health Organization (WHO) globally had registered over 600 million confirmed cases and over 6.4 million deaths due to an infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [1]. By the end of the winter season in March 2023 those numbers had risen to over 761 million confirmed cases and over 6.8 million deaths [2]. Our World in Data reported an even higher number of deaths of 8.6 million [3].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB). Methods Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively. Results After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%. Conclusion miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum. Systematic review registration PROSPERO (CRD42022302729).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Severe malaria is not routinely considered when evaluating a febrile patient in the postoperative setting. Common bacterial infections, along with adverse drug reactions, are the usual differential concerns. We present a case of severe malaria emerging unexpectedly eight days after routine craniotomy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background African giant pouched rats, trained by Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO), have demonstrated their ability to detect tuberculosis (TB) from sputum. We assessed rat-based case detection and compared the mycobacterium bacillary load (MTB-load) in children versus adults. Methods From January–December 2022, samples were collected prospectively from 69 Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) facilities’ presumed TB patients. Using an average of five rats, APOPO re-evaluated patients with bacteriologically negative (sputum-smear microscopy or Xpert MTB/RIF) results. Rat-positive samples were tested using concentrated smear light-emitting diode microscopy to confirm TB detection before treatment initiation. The rats’ identification of pulmonary TB is based on smelling TB-specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in sputum. Using STATA, Chi-square for odds ratio and confidence interval was calculated and evaluated: (1) the yield of rat-based TB detection compared to that of the health facilities; (2) rat-based TB detection in children versus adults; and (3) rats’ ability to detect TB across MTB-loads and between children and adults. Results From 35,766 patients, 5.3% (1900/35,766) were smear-positive and 94.7% (33,866/35,766) were smear or Xpert-negatives at DOTS facility. Of those with negative results, 2029 TB cases were detected using rats, contributing to 52% (2029/3929 of total TB identified), which otherwise would have been missed. Compared to DOT facilities, rats were six-fold more likely to detect TB among Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) 1+/scanty [90% (1829/2029) versus 60% (1139/1900), odds ratio, OR = 6.11, 95% confidence interval, CI: 5.14–7.26]; twice more likely to identify TB cases among children [71% (91/129) versus 51% (1795/3542), OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.59–3.42]; and twice more likely to identify TB cases among children with AFB 1+/scanty than adults with the same MTB-load [5% (86/1703) versus 3% (28/1067), OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.28–3.03]. Conclusions Rats contributed over half of the TB cases identified in program settings, and children, especially those with a lower MTB-load, were more likely to be diagnosed with TB by rats. The chemical signatures, VOCs, were only available for adults, and further research describing the characteristics of VOCs in children versus adults may pave the way to enhance TB diagnosis in children.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background Genital infection with Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is a major public health issue worldwide. It can lead to cervicitis, urethritis, and infertility. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of genital C. trachomatis infection among women attending to the infertility and gynecology clinics. Methods Endocervical swabs were collected from 8,221 women for C. trachomatis nucleotide screening and genotyping, while serum samples were collected for C. trachomatis pgp3 antibody determination using luciferase immunosorbent assays. Results High C. trachomatis DNA prevalence (3.76%) and seroprevalence (47.46%) rates were found, with genotype E (27.5%) being the most prevalent. C. trachomatis omp1 sense mutation was associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (odds ratio [OR] = 6.033, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.219–39.185, p = 0.045). No significant differences in C. trachomatis seroprevalence rates were observed between women with detectable C. trachomatis DNA in the infertility and routine physical examination groups (86.67% vs. 95%, p > 0.05); however, among women with negative C. trachomatis DNA, the former group had a markedly higher seroprevalence than the latter group (56.74% vs. 20.17%, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background Monkeypox is an emerging infectious disease with confirmed cases and deaths in several parts of the world. In light of this crisis, this study aims to analyze the global knowledge pattern of monkeypox-related patents and explore current trends and future technical directions in the medical development of monkeypox to inform research and policy. Methods A comprehensive study of 1,791 monkeypox-related patents worldwide was conducted using the Derwent patent database by descriptive statistics, social network method and linear regression analysis. Results Since the 21st century, the number of monkeypox-related patents has increased rapidly, accompanied by increases in collaboration between commercial and academic patentees. Enterprises contributed the most in patent quantity, whereas the initial milestone patent was filed by academia. The core developments of technology related to the monkeypox include biological and chemical medicine. The innovations of vaccines and virus testing lack sufficient patent support in portfolios. Conclusions Monkeypox-related therapeutic innovation is geographically limited with strong international intellectual property right barriers though it has increased rapidly in recent years. The transparent licensing of patent knowledge is driven by the merger and acquisition model, and the venture capital, intellectual property and contract research organization model. Currently, the patent thicket phenomenon in the monkeypox field may slow the progress of efforts to combat monkeypox. Enterprises should pay more attention to the sharing of technical knowledge, make full use of drug repurposing strategies, and promote innovation of monkeypox-related technology in hotspots of antivirals (such as tecovirimat, cidofovir, brincidofovir), vaccines (JYNNEOS, ACAM2000), herbal medicine and gene therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGBD 2021 Lower Respiratory Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Substantial progress has been made in reducing LRI mortality, but the burden remains high, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, global incident LRI cases and mortality attributable to influenza and RSV declined substantially. Expanding access to health-care services and vaccines, including S pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, and novel RSV vaccines, along with new low-cost interventions against S aureus, could mitigate the LRI burden and prevent transmission of LRI-causing pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Background In 2020, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) pertussis case definition was modified; the main change was classifying PCR-positive cases as confirmed, regardless of cough duration. Pertussis data reported through Enhanced Pertussis Surveillance (EPS) in seven sites and the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) were used to evaluate the impact of the new case definition.Methods We compared the number of EPS cases with cough onset in 2020 to the number that would have been reported based on the prior (2014) CSTE case definition. To assess the impact of the change nationally, the proportion of EPS cases newly reportable under the 2020 CSTE case definition was applied to 2020 NNDSS data to estimate how many additional cases were captured nationally.Results Among 442 confirmed and probable cases reported to EPS states in 2020, 42 (9.5%) were newly reportable according to the 2020 case definition. Applying this proportion to the 6,124 confirmed and probable cases reported nationally in 2020, we estimated that the new definition added 582 cases. Had the case definition not changed, reported cases in 2020 would have decreased by 70% from 2019; the observed decrease was 67%.Conclusions Despite a substantial decrease in reported pertussis cases in the setting of COVID-19, our data show that the 2020 pertussis case definition change resulted in additional case reporting compared with the previous case definition, providing greater opportunities for public health interventions such as prophylaxis of close contacts.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Abstract Body weight is influenced by an interplay of individual and environmental factors. In people with HIV (PWH), weight is also influenced by disease status with loss accompanying disease progression that is reversed with effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Weight changes in comparative ART trials differ by regimen, with greater gains observed with the integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) dolutegravir and bictegravir, particularly when co-administered with tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF), compared to regimens that include agents such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) that attenuate weight gain. We review weight changes in major randomized trials of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and initial and switch HIV therapy, highlighting the challenges to assessing the role of ART in weight change. This examination forms the basis for a model that questions assumptions regarding an association between INSTI and TAF and excessive weight gain and calls for more careful consideration of these data when making HIV treatment decisions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Lara Lovelace-MaconSarah M. BakerDeirdre DuckenSudeshna SealGuilhem RerolleDiane TomitaKelly D. SmithSandra SchwarzT. Eoin West1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA2Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA3Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA4Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany5Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA, Victor J. Torres
Infection and Immunity, 16.04.2024
Tilføjet 16.04.2024
Hanna Helena SchalkwijkNeesha Rajesh ShewakramaniKalyan DasGraciela AndreiRobert Snoeck1Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Miguel Angel Martinez
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Edward J. Schenck, Maria Plataki, Craig E. Wheelock
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 8, Page 903-904, April 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedOsoul Chouchane, Alex R. Schuurman, Tom D. Y. Reijnders, Hessel Peters-Sengers, Joe M. Butler, Fabrice Uhel, Marcus J. Schultz, Marc J. Bonten, Olaf L. Cremer, Carolyn S. Calfee, Michael A. Matthay, Raymond J. Langley, Narges Alipanah-Lechner, Stephen F. Kingsmore, Angela Rogers, Michel van Weeghel, Frédéric M. Vaz, Tom van der Poll
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 8, Page 973-986, April 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlice Atramont, Guillaume L. Martin, Mervyn Singer, Ayden Tajahmady, Emin Agamaliyev, Michael O. Harhay, Marc Leone, Matthieu Legrand
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 209, Issue 8, Page 1019-1022, April 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJasper Fuk-Woo Chan, Shuofeng Yuan, Hin Chu, Siddharth Sridhar, Kwok-Yung Yuen
Nat Rev Microbiol, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Alessandro ManconAngelo Roberto RaccagniGloria GagliardiDavide MoscheseAlberto RizzoAndrea GiacomelliMiriam CutreraFederica SalariFiorenza BracchittaSpinello AntinoriAndrea GoriGiuliano RizzardiniAntonella CastagnaMaria Rita GismondoSilvia NozzaDavide Miletoa Laboratory of Clincal Microbiology, Virology and Bioemergencies, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italyb Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italyc University of Milan, Milan, Italyd Department of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italye Department of Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italyf CNR-SCITEC, Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta”, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Tao WangRui LuoJing ZhangJing LanZhanhao LuHuanjie ZhaiLian-Feng LiYuan SunHua-Ji Qiua State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, National African Swine Fever Para-Reference Laboratory, National High Containment Facilities for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People’s Republic of Chinab College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Yaqin BaiHui LeiWenjun SongSang-Chul ShinJiaqi WangBiying XiaoZeynep A. KoçerMin-Suk SongRobert WebsterRichard J. WebbySook-San WongMark Zanina HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinab Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinac State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinad School of Public Health, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinae Centre for Immunology & Infection, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of Chinaf Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of Chinag Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Koreah Emerging Viral Diseases Laboratory, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Izmir, Türkiyei Department of Biomedicine and Health Technologies, Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Izmir, Türkiyej Department of Microbiology, Chungbuk National University Medical School, Chungbuk, Koreak Department of Host-Microbe Interactions, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
Emerg Microbes Infect, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 15.04.2024
Tilføjet 15.04.2024
Abstract Peri-implantitis and periodontitis are common oral inflammatory diseases, which seem to exhibit critical differences in some of their molecular features. Thus, we assessed the immune cell composition of peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions and the corresponding inflammatory profile in soft tissues and crevicular fluid. Peri-implantitis, periodontitis and control patients were recruited (n=62), and soft tissue biopsies were collected during surgery. Crevicular fluid around implant or tooth was collected. The proportions of major immune cell populations in tissues were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the inflammatory profile in tissue and crevicular fluid by a multiplex immunoassay. No significant difference was seen between peri-implantitis and periodontitis lesions in the proportions of immune cells. Peri-implantitis tissues showed an increased frequency of B cells in comparison with control tissues, along with higher levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, and BAFF in tissue and crevicular fluid. Moreover, TNF-α, IL-17A and BAFF were higher in peri-implantitis tissues, but not in periodontitis, than in control tissues. The immune cell composition did not differ significantly between peri-implantitis and periodontitis, but an enhanced inflammatory profile was seen in peri-implantitis tissue. Peri-implantitis lesions were enriched in B cells, and displayed increased levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, and BAFF in both tissue and crevicular fluid.
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