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BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Abstract
Background
It is challenging to diagnose infected aneurysm in the early phase. This study aimed to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of infected aneurysm, and to elucidate the difficulties in diagnosing the disease.
Methods
Forty-one cases of infected aneurysm were diagnosed in Nagasaki University Hospital from 2005 to 2019. Information on clinical and microbiological characteristics, radiological findings, duration of onset, and type of initial computed tomography (CT) imaging conditions were collected. Factors related to diagnostic delay were analyzed by Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables or by the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables.
Results
Pathogens were identified in 34 of 41 cases; the pathogens were Gram-positive cocci in 16 cases, Gram-negative rods in 13 cases, and others in five cases. Clinical characteristics did not differ in accordance with the identified bacteria. At the time of admission, 16 patients were given different initial diagnoses, of which acute pyelonephritis (n = 5) was the most frequent. Compared with the 22 patients with an accurate initial diagnosis, the 19 initially misdiagnosed patients were more likely to have been examined by plain CT. The sensitivities of plain CT and contrast-enhanced CT were 38.1% and 80.0%, respectively.
Conclusions
In cases of infected aneurysm, diagnostic delay is attributed to non-specific symptoms and the low sensitivity of plain CT. Clinical characteristics of infected aneurysm mimic various diseases. Contrast-enhanced CT should be considered if infected aneurysm is suspected.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed
BMC Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Abstract
Background
We aimed to identify risk factors for sporadic campylobacteriosis in Australia, and to compare these for Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli infections.
Methods
In a multi-jurisdictional case–control study, we recruited culture-confirmed cases of campylobacteriosis reported to state and territory health departments from February 2018 through October 2019. We recruited controls from notified influenza cases in the previous 12 months that were frequency matched to cases by age group, sex, and location. Campylobacter isolates were confirmed to species level by public health laboratories using molecular methods. We conducted backward stepwise multivariable logistic regression to identify significant risk factors.
Results
We recruited 571 cases of campylobacteriosis (422 C. jejuni and 84 C. coli) and 586 controls. Important risk factors for campylobacteriosis included eating undercooked chicken (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 70, 95% CI 13–1296) or cooked chicken (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1–2.8), owning a pet dog aged < 6 months (aOR 6.4, 95% CI 3.4–12), and the regular use of proton-pump inhibitors in the 4 weeks prior to illness (aOR 2.8, 95% CI 1.9–4.3). Risk factors remained similar when analysed specifically for C. jejuni infection. Unique risks for C. coli infection included eating chicken pâté (aOR 6.1, 95% CI 1.5–25) and delicatessen meats (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.3). Eating any chicken carried a high population attributable fraction for campylobacteriosis of 42% (95% CI 13–68), while the attributable fraction for proton-pump inhibitors was 13% (95% CI 8.3–18) and owning a pet dog aged < 6 months was 9.6% (95% CI 6.5–13). The population attributable fractions for these variables were similar when analysed by campylobacter species. Eating delicatessen meats was attributed to 31% (95% CI 0.0–54) of cases for C. coli and eating chicken pâté was attributed to 6.0% (95% CI 0.0–11).
Conclusions
The main risk factor for campylobacteriosis in Australia is consumption of chicken meat. However, contact with young pet dogs may also be an important source of infection. Proton-pump inhibitors are likely to increase vulnerability to infection.
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Yawen Jiang, Yi‐Fan Lin, Si Shi, Daqin Chen, Yuelong Shu
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Perumal Arumugam Desingu, K. Nagarajan
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Ashraf Mahmoud, Goodluck Nchasi
Journal of Medical Virology, 30.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Stephen Morrissey
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Fara R. Koundouno, Liana E. Kafetzopoulou, Martin Faye, Annick Renevey, Barrè Soropogui, Kékoura Ifono, Emily V. Nelson, Aly A. Kamano, Charles Tolno, Giuditta Annibaldis, Saa L. Millimono, Jacob Camara, Karifa Kourouma, Ahmadou Doré, Tamba E. Millimouno, Fernand M.B. Tolno, Julia Hinzmann, Hugo Soubrier, Mette Hinrichs, Anke Thielebein, Glaucia Herzer, Meike Pahlmann, Georges A. Ki-Zerbo, Pierre Formenty, Anaïs Legand, Michael R. Wiley, Ousmane Faye, Moussa M. Diagne, Amadou A. Sall, Philippe Lemey, Aïssatou Bah, Stephan Günther, Sakoba Keita, Sophie Duraffour, N’Faly Magassouba
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 386, Issue 26, Page 2528-2530, June 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJulie Boucau, Caitlin Marino, James Regan, Rockib Uddin, Manish C. Choudhary, James P. Flynn, Geoffrey Chen, Ashley M. Stuckwisch, Josh Mathews, May Y. Liew, Arshdeep Singh, Taryn Lipiner, Autumn Kittilson, Meghan Melberg, Yijia Li, Rebecca F. Gilbert, Zahra Reynolds, Surabhi L. Iyer, Grace C. Chamberlin, Tammy D. Vyas, Marcia B. Goldberg, Jatin M. Vyas, Jonathan Z. Li, Jacob E. Lemieux, Mark J. Siedner, Amy K. Barczak
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Odile Launay, Marine Cachanado, Liem B. Luong Nguyen, Laetitia Ninove, Marie Lachâtre, Inès Ben Ghezala, Marc Bardou, Catherine Schmidt-Mutter, Karine Lacombe, Fabrice Laine, Jean-Sébastien Allain, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Marie-Pierre Tavolacci, Christian Chidiac, Patricia Pavese, Bertrand Dussol, Stéphane Priet, Dominique Deplanque, Amel Touati, Laureen Curci, Eleine Konate, Nadine Ben Hamouda, Anissa Besbes, Eunice Nubret, Florence Capelle, Laurence Berard, Alexandra Rousseau, Eric Tartour, Tabassome Simon, Xavier de Lamballerie
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Chandra J. Cohen-Stavi, Ori Magen, Noam Barda, Shlomit Yaron, Alon Peretz, Doron Netzer, Carlo Giaquinto, Ali Judd, Leonard Leibovici, Miguel A. Hernán, Marc Lipsitch, Ben Y. Reis, Ran D. Balicer, Noa Dagan
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Heidi J. Larson, Emmanuela Gakidou, Christopher J.L. Murray
New England Journal of Medicine, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 30.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
Mashau RC, Meiring ST, Quan VC, et al. Outcomes of flucytosine-containing combination treatment for cryptococcal meningitis in a South African national access programme: a cross-sectional observational study. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; published online June 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00234-1. In this Article, a change has been made as follows. The statement in “Role of funding source” is incorrect and should be: The NICD conceived the study design, data collection, data analysis, data interpretation, and writing of the report.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAna Lisa Valenciano, Maria G. Gomez-Lorenzo, Joel Vega-Rodríguez, John H. Adams, Alison Roth
Trends in Parasitology, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 30.06.2022
The Plasmodium liver stage represents a vulnerable therapeutic target to prevent disease progression as the parasite resides in the liver before clinical representation caused by intraerythrocytic development. However, most antimalarial drugs target the blood stage of the parasite's life cycle, and the few drugs that target the liver stage are lethal to patients with a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Furthermore, implementation of in vitro liver models to study and develop novel therapeutics against the liver stage of human Plasmodium species remains challenging.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJoseph Agebase Awuni, Michael Ayamga, Gilbert Dagunga
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Joseph Agebase Awuni, Michael Ayamga, Gilbert Dagunga
Purpose The study examined Covid-19 vaccinations intentions among literate Ghanaians and how it is been influenced by vaccine mistrust and the fear of the unforeseen side effects. Design/Methodology/Approach We used cross sectional data collected from 223 respondents by means of questionnaire disseminated through social media from 16th to 20th April, 2021. Likert-scale questions were asked regarding the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of literate Ghanaians towards COVID-19 vaccines. Kruskal-Wallis and sample t-test were performed to ascertain the differences in vaccination intentions between key socioeconomic variables. A pairwise correlation was performed to examine the relationship between vaccination intensions and fear of the unforeseen, mistrust of the vaccine and concerns of profiteering. Finally, a binary probit regression model was fitted to examine the predictive effect of key variables on respondent’s vaccination intentions. Findings The results revealed a relatively low level of knowledge about the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines. The sample t-test showed that males have a relatively positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccines than females at 5% level of significance. Mistrust of vaccine safety and efficacy have a significant negative influence on vaccination intensions at 1% significance level. Originality/Value This study provides the Ghanaian government and other stakeholders with useful information to aid in educational campaigns on the safety and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine. More campaign efforts towards females could help increase uptake given their relatively poor attitudes towards the vaccine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNimer Elsaraya, Adi Gordon-Irshai, Dan Schwarzfuchs, Victor Novack, Nicola J. Mabjeesh, Endre Z. Neulander
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Nimer Elsaraya, Adi Gordon-Irshai, Dan Schwarzfuchs, Victor Novack, Nicola J. Mabjeesh, Endre Z. Neulander
Purpose To evaluate whether the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) can predict the need for ureteral catheterization in patients with renal colic. Materials and methods We retrospectively studied 15,887 patients with renal colic between 2005 and 2019. Patients with prior antibiotics treatment (156), with hematological diseases (15), with negative computerized tomography scan (CTS) for stone disease (473) or with no available laboratory findings (1750) were excluded. A ureteral double J stent (DJS) was inserted in case of ongoing pain, fever, sepsis, single kidney and elevated blood creatinine levels concomitant with hydronephrosis. A cut-off value of 2.1 NLR was determined to stratify and to compare patients using multivariable logistic regression models. A locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) plot was also applied to show the relationship between NLR and predicted probability for DJS insertion. Results Thirteen-thousand and 493 patients with a mean age of 42.7 years (30% females and 70% males) were included in the study. Five-hundred and 57 patients (4.1%) underwent early DJS insertion: 5.3% vs. 1.5% of patients with high vs. low NLR, respectively, (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGreg Dropkin
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Greg Dropkin
Introduction Variable and low uptake of the COVID-19 booster is a recognised problem, associated with individual characteristics including age, gender, ethnicity, and deprivation. Are there other relevant predictors at area level? Methods Anonymous grouped data was downloaded from the UK Government Coronavirus Dashboard for Middle Super Output Areas (MSOA) in England, along with demographic, employment, and health data from public sources. Mixed models with a random intercept for Upper Tier Local Authority were analysed as quasibinomial Generalized Additive Models. The estimated random effects were then fitted with Bayesian linear mixed models using flu vaccination uptake, change in public health budgets, population proportion of vaccination sites at pharmacies, GP-led, vaccination centres, and hospital hubs, and Region. Results Models for the MSOA-level COVID-19 first and second vaccinations and the Third Injection (including the booster), fit well. Index of Multiple Deprivation, proportion Aged 15-24 and 25-44, and ethnicity groupings Other White, Indian-Pakistani-Bangladeshi, and African-Caribbean-Other Black-Other, are highly significant predictors of lower uptake. The estimated random effects vary widely amongst local authorities, with positive impact of flu vaccine uptake and change in public health budgets, and regional impacts which are positive for London and South East (first and second doses only), and negative for North West and North East. The impact of vaccination sites did not reach 90% credibility, in general. Conclusion COVID-19 vaccination rates at each stage are very well modelled if local authority random effects are included along with non-linear terms for demographic, employment and health data. Deprivation, younger age, and Other White, South Asian, and African-Caribbean-Other ethnicities are associated with lower uptake. The estimated local effects show strong regional variation and are positively associated with flu vaccination and increasing public health budgets. One simple way to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake in England would be to increase local public health allocations.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNkese Ime Okon, Aniedi-Abasi Akpan Markson, Ekeng Ita Okon, Effiom Eyo Ita, Edak Aniedi Uyoh, Ene-Obong Effiom Ene-Obong, Valentine Otang Ntui
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Nkese Ime Okon, Aniedi-Abasi Akpan Markson, Ekeng Ita Okon, Effiom Eyo Ita, Edak Aniedi Uyoh, Ene-Obong Effiom Ene-Obong, Valentine Otang Ntui
Yam anthracnose is one of the most serious fungal diseases affecting white and water yam production. Screening of available landraces for new sources of durable resistance to the pathogen is a continuous process. In the present study, the pathogens causing anthracnose in Dioscorea alata and Dioscorea rotundata farms in Cross River State yam belt region were characterized. Diseased yam leaves with anthracnose symptoms collected from the farms were used in the isolation, purification and, identification of C. alatae strains using morphological, cultural, and molecular methods. Leaf chlorosis, leaf edge necrosis, blights, dark brown to black leaf spots, shot holes, necrotic vein banding and vein browning were the predominantly observed symptoms. Seven isolates of C. alatae, Ca5, Ca14, Ca16, Ca22, Ca24, Ca32 and Ca34, and one isolate of Lasidioplodia theobromae, Lt1 were found to be associated with yam infection in Cross River State, with Lt1 as the most prevalent, occurring in all the locations. These isolates were classified into four forms which included the slow-growing grey (SGG), the fast-growing grey (FGG), the fast-growing salmon (FGS), and the fast-growing olive (FGO). Sequence analysis of the ITS region revealed
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCatherine M. Worsley, Rob B. Veale, Elizabeth S. Mayne
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Catherine M. Worsley, Rob B. Veale, Elizabeth S. Mayne
Cell death is important in physiology, and can happen as a result of structural damage, or as a sequence of programmed cellular processes known as apoptosis. Pathogenic alterations in apoptosis occur in a number of diseases, including cancer, viral infections, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiencies, and degenerative conditions. Developing accurate and reproducible laboratory methods for inducing and detecting apoptosis is vital for research into these conditions. A number of methods are employed to detect cell death, including DNA fragmentation, the TUNEL assay, and electron microscopy although each has its limitations. Flow cytometry allows for the distinction between live, early apoptotic, late apoptotic and necrotic cells. In this protocol we successfully induce apoptosis using chemical treatment and treatment with low pH in solid tumour cell lines, and have optimized detection using the Annexin V/PI apoptosis assay.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohammad A. A. Al-Najjar, Ruaa R. Al-alwany, Firas M. Al-Rshoud, Rana K. Abu-Farha, Mohammed Zawiah
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Mohammad A. A. Al-Najjar, Ruaa R. Al-alwany, Firas M. Al-Rshoud, Rana K. Abu-Farha, Mohammed Zawiah
Purpose COVID-19 infection is normally followed by several post-COVID effects. This study aimed to investigate to evaluate menstrual changes in females following COVID-19 infection, and to evaluate female perception about the effect of COVID-19 on their menstrual cycles. Methods During this cross-sectional survey-based study, a convenience sample of 483 women from Jordan and from Iraq, who had infected with COVID-19 were invited to fill-out the study questionnaire. Results The study was conducted on the females, with a median age 31 years old. Results showed that 47.2% of them (n = 228) suffered from a change in the number of days between two consecutive periods, as well as from a change in the amount of blood loss. Also, more than 50% of them believed that COVID-19 infection may cause changes in the amount of blood loss during the cycle (n = 375, 56.9%), and changes in the number of days between the two consecutive periods (n = 362, 54.2%).Regression analysis showed that participants with higher educational level (bachelor or higher) (Beta = -0.114, P = 0.011), and those living in Iraq (Beta = -0.166, p<0.001) believed that COVID-19 has lower tendency to cause menstrual changes. In addition, non-married females (Beta = 0.109, P = 0.017), and those who are current smokers (Beta = 0.091, P = 0.048) believed that COVID-19 has higher tendency to cause menstrual changes. Conclusion his study revealed that COVID-19 infection could affect the menstrual cycle for the females. Further prospective studies should be done to confirm these findings and evaluate how long these menstrual irregularities lasted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDiamantis Toutountzidis, Tim M. Gale, Karen Irvine, Shivani Sharma, Keith R. Laws
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Diamantis Toutountzidis, Tim M. Gale, Karen Irvine, Shivani Sharma, Keith R. Laws
The association of early life adversities and psychosis symptoms is well documented in clinical populations; however, whether this relationship also extends into subclinical psychosis remains unclear. In particular, are early life adversities associated with increased levels of schizotypal personality traits in non-clinical samples? We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of associations between early life adversities and psychometrically defined schizotypal traits in non-clinical samples. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. The search using PubMed, Web of Science and EBSCO databases identified 1,609 articles in total. Twenty-five studies (N = 15,253 participants) met eligibility criteria for the review. An assessment of study quality showed that fewer than half of all studies were rated as methodologically robust. Meta-analyses showed that all forms of childhood abuse (emotional, physical and sexual) and neglect (emotional and physical) were significantly associated with psychometric schizotypy. The association of schizotypy traits with childhood emotional abuse (r = .33: 95%CI .30 to .37) was significantly larger than for all other form of abuse or neglect. Meta-regression analyses showed that the physical abuse-schizotypy relationship was stronger in samples with more women participants; and the sexual abuse-schizotypy relationship was stronger in younger samples. The current review identifies a dose-response relationship between all forms of abuse/neglect and schizotypy scores in non-clinical samples; however, a stronger association emerged for emotional abuse. More research is required to address the relationship of trauma types and specific symptom types. Future research should also address the under-representation of men.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarie Spreckley, Judith de Lange, Jacob C. Seidell, Jutka Halberstadt
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Marie Spreckley, Judith de Lange, Jacob C. Seidell, Jutka Halberstadt
Introduction The long-term effects of interventions aiming to achieve substantial, sustainable weight loss maintenance have been disappointing. Most people regain their lost weight over time but some seem to be able to maintain their weight loss. We are following the experiences of patients over time prospectively. This study forms the baseline to provide insights into patient experiences prior to entering a primary care-led weight management intervention and their expectations going forward. Materials and methods We recruited 21 adult male and female patients of varying ethnicity with a BMI between 27.7kg/m2 and 48.4kg/m2 from a cohort of patients entering a primary care-led weight management intervention. Patients were offered video and audio interview options during the COVID-19 lockdown. In total, twenty chose the audio option, while one chose the video option. The interview format was semi-structured with room for individual exploration. Discussion We found that participants experienced feeling unable to control their weight and encountered a multitude of internal and external barriers to weight management. Some had supportive environments, while others experienced discouraging external influences. Though personal characteristics varied, motivations, goals and expected benefits were similar across this cohort. Most participants had previously experienced transient successful weight-loss attempts with varying approaches. COVID-19 was experienced as an opportunity or barrier for change. Conclusion This study illustrates the importance of gaining comprehensive insights into the diverse experiences patients encounter when trying to achieve weight loss. Personalized support taking into account individual experiences and circumstances may enhance long-term treatment outcomes. Future research into the complexities of weight management based on individual accounts can aid in the creation of improved treatment protocols.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQian Zhao, Xiaoshan Zhou, Raoul Kuiper, Sophie Curbo, Anna Karlsson
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Qian Zhao, Xiaoshan Zhou, Raoul Kuiper, Sophie Curbo, Anna Karlsson
Thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency in humans leads to a myopathic form of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deficiency. Here we present a skeletal and cardiac muscle specific TK2 knockout mouse (mTk2 KO). The mice showed dilated hearts and markedly reduced adipose tissue during week 12 to 16. A severe decrease of mtDNA was found only in skeletal muscle and heart tissue in mTk2 KO mice. Expression analysis of key metabolic genes of 16 weeks knockout mice showed significant changes of genes involved in lipid metabolism, with different patterns in heart and skeletal muscle. Our study further suggests that lipoprotein lipase (LPL) from liver supports the metabolism when heart and skeletal muscle were impaired due to mitochondrial dysfunction. The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is involved in glucose homeostasis, was also affected by mtDNA deficiency in our study. Interestingly, both the gene and protein expression of ACE2 were increased in cardiac tissue of mTk2 KO mice. Since ACE2 is a receptor for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, its regulation in relation to mitochondrial function may have important clinical implications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMohammed Seid, Tsegaye Yohanes, Yitagesu Goshu, Kiyar Jemal, Munira Siraj
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Mohammed Seid, Tsegaye Yohanes, Yitagesu Goshu, Kiyar Jemal, Munira Siraj
Background Intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) is one of the major health problems in Sub -Saharan Africa where water, sanitation and hygiene practices are inadequate. Taking into account the national level implementation of intensive hand hygiene against COVID-19 pandemic and general protective effect this study assessed its effect on intestinal parasite. Objective This study aim to investigate the effect of compliance to hand hygiene practice on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) and intensity of Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) among patients attending tertiary care hospital in southern Ethiopia. Methods Observational study was conducted from June to September 2021. Data on socio demographic, hand hygiene practice and intestinal parasite (prevalence and intensity of helminthic infection) was collected from randomly selected and consented patients. Compliance to hand hygiene practice was assessed using pre-tested questionnaire. Fresh stool sample from each participant was examined by direct wet mount, concentration and Ziehl-Neelson (ZN) staining technique to detect intestinal parasite. Intensity of STH measurements was done through direct egg-count per gram using Kato Katz methods. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 25. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval was used to measure association and p-value
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEysha Saad, Saima Sadiq, Ramish Jamil, Furqan Rustam, Arif Mehmood, Gyu Sang Choi, Imran Ashraf
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Eysha Saad, Saima Sadiq, Ramish Jamil, Furqan Rustam, Arif Mehmood, Gyu Sang Choi, Imran Ashraf
COVID-19 vaccination raised serious concerns among the public and people are mind stuck by various rumors regarding the resulting illness, adverse reactions, and death. Such rumors are dangerous to the campaign against the COVID-19 and should be dealt with accordingly and timely. One prospective solution is to use machine learning-based models to predict the death risk for vaccinated people and clarify people’s perceptions regarding death risk. This study focuses on the prediction of the death risks associated with vaccinated people followed by a second dose for two reasons; first to build consensus among people to get the vaccines; second, to reduce the fear regarding vaccines. Given that, this study utilizes the COVID-19 VAERS dataset that records adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination as ‘recovered’, ‘not recovered’, and ‘survived’. To obtain better prediction results, a novel voting classifier extreme regression-voting classifier (ER-VC) is introduced. ER-VC ensembles extra tree classifier and logistic regression using soft voting criterion. To avoid model overfitting and get better results, two data balancing techniques synthetic minority oversampling (SMOTE) and adaptive synthetic sampling (ADASYN) have been applied. Moreover, three feature extraction techniques term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), bag of words (BoW), and global vectors (GloVe) have been used for comparison. Both machine learning and deep learning models are deployed for experiments. Results obtained from extensive experiments reveal that the proposed model in combination with TF-TDF has shown robust results with a 0.85 accuracy when trained on the SMOTE-balanced dataset. In line with this, validation of the proposed voting classifier on binary classification shows state-of-the-art results with a 0.98 accuracy. Results show that machine learning models can predict the death risk with high accuracy and can assist the authors in taking timely measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHakjun Hyun, Joon Young Song, Jin Gu Yoon, Hye Seong, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Hakjun Hyun, Joon Young Song, Jin Gu Yoon, Hye Seong, Ji Yun Noh, Hee Jin Cheong, Woo Joo Kim
Background Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP) lies in the intersection of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP). Although HCAP is excluded from the revised HAP guideline, reassessment for HCAP is needed considering its heterogeneous characteristics. Methods The microbiological distribution, antibiotic resistance, and clinical outcomes in CAP, HCAP, and HAP were studied retrospectively. The susceptibility to standard CAP regimens (β-lactams plus macrolide or fluoroquinolone monotherapy) and rates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) infections were evaluated in the CAP group and HCAP subgroups. Results In total, 933 cases were included (CAP, n = 557; HCAP, n = 264; HAP, n = 112). In the CAP and HCAP cases, Streptococcus pneumoniae (7.4% vs. 5.7%) and P. aeruginosa (9.2% vs. 18.6%) were the most common gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens. Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant, 2.7%; methicillin-susceptible, 2.4%) and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (20.5%) were the most common Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens in the HAP group, respectively. Higher susceptibility to levofloxacin was observed in CAP and HCAP isolates than that to β-lactam agents. However, levofloxacin non-susceptibility was significantly higher in long-term care facility (LTCF)-onset HCAP compared to community-onset HCAP (43.6% vs. 22.7%, P = 0.014). Conclusion HCAP showed higher rates of P. aeruginosa and MRSA infections than CAP. Empirical antipseudomonal therapy should be considered in the treatment of HCAP. Prior isolation of P. aeruginosa was the most important risk factor for P. aeruginosa infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaeko Kamoshida, Naoto Nihonmatsu, Gen Takagi, Koubun Wakashima
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Saeko Kamoshida, Naoto Nihonmatsu, Gen Takagi, Koubun Wakashima
This study examined the relationship between variables about family members co-residing during the COVID-19 pandemic and anxiety about COVID-19, domestic violence from spouse, child abuse anxiety, internet addiction, and mental health as social problems related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 220 parents (70 male and 150 female, age; M = 41.6, SD = 34.4) were included in the analysis. Stepwise hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted with dependent variables of fear of COVID-19, spousal violence, anxiety regarding perpetrating child abuse, internet addiction, and mental health. The independent variables were basic variables related to family members such as family composition. The results demonstrated that parents with preschool children were anxious about the possibility that they might abuse their children (β = .203, p < .01). Subjects who smoked were associated with anxiety about being the victim of domestic violence by their spouse (β = .154, p < .05). Those whose income had decreased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, those who were employed, and those with few rooms in their house were more likely to be dependent on the Internet (in order, β = .189, p < .01; β = .196, p < .01; β = -.140, p < .05). Finally, mental health was impaired among those whose income was reduced by the COVID-19 pandemic (β = .134, p < .05) and among those who had conflicting opinions in their families regarding the pandemic (β = .206, p < .01). These results indicate that family variables are associated with family social problems. Additionally, we assume these have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While further research is required to determine the causal relationships among the variables, the findings can be used as an indicator of support that should be provided to families.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaul Okimat, Dickens Akena, Denis Opio, Tobius Mutabazi, Emmanuel Sendaula, Fred C. Semitala, Joan N. Kalyango, Charles A. Karamagi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Paul Okimat, Dickens Akena, Denis Opio, Tobius Mutabazi, Emmanuel Sendaula, Fred C. Semitala, Joan N. Kalyango, Charles A. Karamagi
Background Depression is rarely screened for among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) although it is 2 to 3 times more prevalent among PLHIV than in the general population. In instances where depression is screened for using screening tools, it usually follows noticing depression risk factors. This practice of selectively screening for depression could be leaving some cases of depression unattended to. On the other hand, subjecting every client to screening tools (non-selective screening) offers every patient an opportunity to be managed for depression. However, this could require additional resources as compared to selective screening. We present and discuss results on whether non-selective and selective screening strategies differ in depression case detection, and in addition, we also present perceptions of the stake holders on the two screening strategies. Methods The study was conducted in Princess Diana Memorial Health Centre IV HIV clinic using a randomized controlled trial with a qualitative component. To determine whether there was a difference in depression case detection, consecutively sampled participants were randomly allocated to either non-selective or selective screening strategy. Participants allocated to selective screening were screened for depression using the patient health questionnaire (s) (PHQs) if they were at “crisis points”. While those allocated to non-selective screening were screened regardless of whether the “crisis points” were noticed or not. The PHQ-2 and PHQ-9 were used in sequence. 326 PLHIV participated in the study. Outcomes of the MINI evaluation were analyzed for those with PHQ-9 scores of 10 or more to confirm major depressive disorder (MDD). Data was analyzed using the two sample Z-test for proportions with Stata 2013 software. To explore the perceptions of the stake holders, key informant interviews were performed with six stakeholders that experienced the study. Results Cases of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5) were more likely to be detected by the non-selective screening strategy 30.2% (49/162) compared to the selective screening strategy 19.5% (32/164) (difference in proportions 0.107, 95% confidence interval 0.014–0.200, Cohen’s h = 0.25, P = 0.03). The stake holders thought it was important to screen for depression among PLHIV with preference to non-selective screening strategy. Conclusion Evidence from this data suggests that more cases of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 5) are likely to be detected with non-selective screening as opposed to selective screening. Trial registration PACTR201802003141213 (name: comparison of routine versus selective screening for depression strategies among PLHIV attending Princess Diana Memorial Health Centre iv Soroti).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedColombe Saillard, Jérôme Lambert, Morgane Tramier, Laurent Chow-Chine, Magali Bisbal, Luca Servan, Frederic Gonzalez, Jean-Manuel de Guibert, Marion Faucher, Antoine Sannini, Djamel Mokart
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
by Colombe Saillard, Jérôme Lambert, Morgane Tramier, Laurent Chow-Chine, Magali Bisbal, Luca Servan, Frederic Gonzalez, Jean-Manuel de Guibert, Marion Faucher, Antoine Sannini, Djamel Mokart
Background High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is increasingly used in critically ill cancer patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) to avoid mechanical ventilation (MV). The objective was to assess prognostic factors associated with mortality in ICU cancer patients requiring MV after HFNC failure, and to identify predictive factors of intubation. Methods We conducted a retrospective study from 2012–2016 in a cancer referral center. All consecutive onco-hematology adult patients admitted to the ICU treated with HFNC were included. HFNC failure was defined by intubation requirement. Results 202 patients were included, 104 successfully treated with HFNC and 98 requiring intubation. ICU and hospital mortality rates were 26.2% (n = 53) and 42.1% (n = 85) respectively, and 53.1% (n = 52) and 68.4% (n = 67) in patients requiring MV. Multivariate analysis identified 4 prognostic factors of hospital mortality after HFNC failure: complete/partial remission (OR = 0.2, 95%CI = 0.04–0.98, p<0.001) compared to patients with refractory/relapse disease (OR = 3.73, 95%CI = 1.08–12.86), intubation after day 3 (OR = 7.78, 95%CI = 1.44–41.96), number of pulmonary quadrants involved on chest X-ray (OR = 1.93, 95%CI = 1.14–3.26, p = 0.01) and SAPSII at ICU admission (OR = 1.06, 95%CI = 1–1.12, p = 0.019). Predictive factors of intubation were the absence of sepsis (sHR = 0.32, 95%CI = 0.12–0.74, p = 0.0087), Sp0260% at HFNC initiation (sHR = 3.12, 95%CI = 2.06–4.74, p<0.001) and SAPSII at ICU admission (sHR = 1.03, 95%CI = 1.02–1.05, p<0.01). Conclusion Duration of HFNC may be predictive of an excess mortality in ARF cancer patients. Early warning scores to predict HFNC failure are needed to identify patients who would benefit from early intubation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSaikat De, Soumyajit Ghosh, Supriya Suman Keshry, Chandan Mahish, Chinmayee Mohapatra, Ankeeta Guru, Prabhudutta Mamidi, Ankita Datey, Sweta Smita Pani, Dileep Vasudevan, Tushar Kant Beuria, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Bharat Bhusan Subudhi, Soma Chattopadhyay aInstitute of Life Sciencesgrid.418782.0, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India bRegional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana, India cSchool of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India dNational Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India eHomi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India fSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Malaria Journal, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Abstract
Background
Rapid emergence of Plasmodium resistance to anti-malarial drug mainstays has driven a continual effort to discover novel drugs that target different biochemical pathway (s) during infection. Plasma membrane Calcium + 2 ATPase (PMCA4), a novel plasma membrane protein that regulates Calcium levels in various cells, namely red blood cell (RBC), endothelial cell and platelets, represents a new biochemical pathway that may interfere with susceptibility to malaria and/or severe malaria.
Methods
This study identified several pharmacological inhibitors of PMCA4, namely ATA and Resveratrol, and tested for their anti-malarial activities in vitro and in vivo using the Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain, the Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain, and Plasmodium yoelii 17XL strain as model.
Results
In vitro propagation of P. falciparum 3D7 strain in the presence of a wide concentration range of the inhibitors revealed that the parasite growth was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50s at 634 and 0.231 µM, respectively.
Results
The results confirmed that both compounds exhibit moderate to potent anti-malarial activities with the strongest parasite growth inhibition shown by resveratrol at 0.231 µM. In vivo models using P. berghei ANKA for experimental cerebral malaria and P. yoelii 17XL for the effect on parasite growth, showed that the highest dose of ATA, 30 mg/kg BW, increased survival of the mice. Likewise, resveratrol inhibited the parasite growth following 4 days intraperitoneal injection at the dose of 100 mg/kg BW.
Conclusion
The findings indicate that the PMCA4 of the human host may be a potential target for novel anti-malarials, either as single drug or in combination with the currently available effective anti-malarials.
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Patel, H. M., Khandwala, S., Somani, P., Li, Q., Tovar, S., Montano, A.
BMJ Open, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Objective
Obesity has been recognised as a risk factor for poor outcomes associated with COVID-19. Ethnic minorities with COVID-19 have been independently found to fare poorly. We aim to determine if ethnic minorities with severe obesity—defined as a body mass index (BMI) above 40 kg/m²—experience higher rates of hospitalisation, invasive ventilation and death.
Design and setting
Retrospective cohort study from 1 March 2020 to 28 February 2021 within an integrated healthcare organisation in Southern California.
Participants
We identified 373 831 patients by COVID-19 diagnosis code or positive laboratory test.
Methods
Multivariable Poisson regression with robust error variance estimated adjusted risks of hospitalisation, invasive ventilator use and death within 30 days. Risks were stratified by ethnicity and BMI.
Results
We identified multiple differences in risk of poor outcomes across BMI categories within individual ethnic groups. Hospitalisation risk with a BMI over 45 kg/m² was greater in Asian (RR 2.31, 95% CI 1.53 to 3.49; p<0.001), Hispanic (RR 3.22, 95% CI 2.99 to 3.48; p<0.001) and Pacific Islander (RR 3.79, 95% CI 2.49 to 5.75; p<0.001) patients compared with White (RR 2.04, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.33; p<0.001) and Black (RR 2.00, 95% CI 1.70 to 2.34; p<0.001) patients. A similar trend was observed with invasive ventilation risk. The risk of death was greater in Asian (RR 3.96, 95% CI 1.88 to 8.33; p<0.001), Hispanic (RR 3.03, 95% CI 2.53 to 3.61; p<0.001) and Pacific Islander (RR 4.60, 95% CI 1.42 to 14.92; p=0.011) patients compared with White (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.91; p=0.005) and Black (RR 2.83, 95% CI 1.99 to 4.02; p<0.001) patients with a BMI over 45 kg/m².
Conclusions
Ethnic minorities with severe obesity, particularly Asian, Hispanic and Pacific Islander patients, had a statistically significant higher risk of hospitalisation, invasive ventilator use and death due to COVID-19. Potential explanations include differences in adipose tissue deposition, overall inflammation and ACE-2 receptor expression.
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Epaulard Olivier, Abgrall Sophie, Lefebvre Maeva, Faucher Jean-François, Michon Jocelyn, Frentiu Emilia, Blanchi Sophie, Janssen Cécile, Charbonnier Gabrielle, Fresse Audrey, Laurent Simon, Sandjakian Lena, Casez Pierre, Mahamat Aba, Beraud Guillaume
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 29.06.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
The diffusion of the SARS-CoV-2 delta (B.1.617.2) variant and the waning of immune response after primary Covid-19 vaccination favoured the breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections in vaccinated subjects. To assess the impact of vaccination, we determined the severity of infection in hospitalised patients according to vaccine status.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImmunity, 26.10.2022
Tilføjet 29.06.2022
Publication date: Available online 28 June 2022Source: ImmunityAuthor(s): Claude Gregoire, Lionel Spinelli, Sergio Villazala-Merino, Laurine Gil, María Pía Holgado, Myriam Moussa, Chuang Dong, Ana Zarubica, Mathieu Fallet, Jean-Marc Navarro, Bernard Malissen, Pierre Milpied, Mauro Gaya
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