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Nat Rev Microbiol, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
N. J. WhiteK. Chotivanich1Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand2Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom3Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, ThailandFerric C. FangSunil Parikh
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
E. Wilbur WoodhouseMicah T. McClainChristopher W. Woods1Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Disease Diagnostics and Innovation, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA2Section of Infectious Diseases, Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USAFerric C. Fang
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Sabine E. OlieChristian Ø. AndersenDiederik van de BeekMatthijs C. Brouwer1Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands2Statens Serum Institute, Diagnostic Infectious Disease Preparedness, Copenhagen, DenmarkGraeme N. Forrest
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
As this Editorial goes to press, The Lancet Infectious Diseases is publishing two papers with early results on the pathogenic potential of Oropouche virus (OROV), which is causing an unprecedented outbreak in the Americas. While such early data are key to understand and tackle outbreaks, they come with considerable uncertainty and raise questions about how to responsibly report and publish them.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGabriel C Scachetti, Julia Forato, Ingra M Claro, Xinyi Hua, Bárbara B Salgado, Aline Vieira, Camila L Simeoni, Aguyda R C Barbosa, Italo L Rosa, Gabriela F de Souza, Luana C N Fernandes, Ana Carla H de Sena, Stephanne C Oliveira, Carolina M L Singh, Shirlene T S de Lima, Ronaldo de Jesus, Mariana A Costa, Rodrigo B Kato, Josilene F Rocha, Leandro C Santos, Janete T Rodrigues, Marielton P Cunha, Ester C Sabino, Nuno R Faria, Scott C Weaver, Camila M Romano, Pritesh Lalwani, José Luiz Proenca-Modena, William M de Souza
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
These findings provide a comprehensive assessment of Oropouche fever in Brazil and contribute to an improved understanding of the 2023–24 Oropouche virus re-emergence. Our exploratory in-vitro data suggest that the increased incidence might be related to a higher replication efficiency of a new Oropouche virus reassortant for which previous immunity shows lower neutralising capacity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFernanda Eduarda das Neves Martins, Jannifer Oliveira Chiang, Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes, Bethania de Freitas Rodrigues Ribeiro, Lívia Carício Martins, Lívia Medeiros Neves Casseb, Daniele Freitas Henriques, Consuelo Silva de Oliveira, Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel, Rafael da Silva Azevedo, Layna de Cássia Campos Cravo, André Rodrigues Façanha Barreto, André Luiz Santos Pessoa, Arnaldo Jorge Martins Filho, Jorge Rodrigues de Sousa, Lavinia Schuler-Faccini, Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma, Pedro Fernando da Costa Vasconcelos, Raimunda do Socorro da Silva Azevedo
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
We detected OROV IgM in six of 68 newborns with microcephaly of unknown cause. One infant who died had OROV RNA and antigen in several tissues, including the brain. The possibility of OROV vertical transmission and potential fetal harm must be investigated with urgency. The evidence presented here does not completely confirm vertical transmission or congenital malformations due to OROV, but thorough case finding and detailed investigation of maternal or fetal OROV infection is a priority.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Background Patients with immunocompromising conditions are at an increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related hospitalizations and mortality. Randomized clinical trials provide limited enrollment, if any, to inform outcomes of such patients treated with remdesivir.Methods Using the US PINC AI Healthcare Database, we identified adult patients with immunocompromising conditions, hospitalized for COVID-19 between December 2021 and February 2024. Primary outcome was all-cause inpatient mortality examined in propensity score (PS) matched patients in remdesivir versus non-remdesivir groups. Subgroup analyses were performed for patients with cancer, hematologic malignancies, and solid organ/hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.Results Of 28,966 patients included in the study, 16,730 (58%) received remdesivir during first two days of hospitalization. After PS matching, 8,822 patients in remdesivir and 8,822 patients in non-remdesivir group were analyzed. Remdesivir was associated with a significantly lower mortality among patients with no supplemental oxygen (aHR [95% CI]: 14-day, 0.73 [0.62-0.86]; 28-day, 0.79 [0.68-0.91]) and among those with supplemental oxygen (14-day, 0.75 [0.67-0.85]; 28-day, 0.78 [0.70-0.86]). Remdesivir was also associated with lower mortality in subgroups of patients with cancer, hematological malignancies (including leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma), and solid organ/hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Conclusions In this large cohort of patients with immunocompromising conditions hospitalized for COVID-19, remdesivir was associated with significant improvement in survival, including patients with varied underlying immunocompromising conditions. The integration of current real-world evidence into clinical guideline recommendations can inform clinical communities to optimize treatment decisions in the evolving COVID-19 era, extending beyond the conclusion of the public health emergency declaration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Background Reducing hospital readmission offer potential benefits for patients, providers, payers, and policymakers to improve quality of healthcare, reduce cost, and improve patient experience. We investigated effectiveness of remdesivir in reducing 30-day COVID-19-related readmission during the Omicron era, including older adults and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions.Methods This retrospective study utilized the US PINC AI Healthcare Database to identify adult patients discharged alive from an index COVID-19 hospitalization between December 01, 2021 and February 29, 2024. Odds of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission to the same hospital were compared between patients who received remdesivir vs those not, after balancing characteristics of two groups using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Analyses were stratified by maximum supplemental oxygen requirement during index hospitalization.Results Of 326,033 patients hospitalized for COVID-19 during study period, 210,586 patients met the eligibility criteria. Of these, 109,551 (52%) patients were treated with remdesivir. After IPTW, lower odds of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission were observed in patients who received remdesivir vs those who did not, in the overall population (3.3% vs 4.2%, respectively; odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.78 [0.75–0.80]), elderly population (3.7% vs 4.7%, respectively; 0.78 [0.75–0.81]), and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions (5.3% vs 6.2%, respectively; 0.86 [0.80–0.92]). These results were consistent irrespective of supplemental oxygen requirements.Conclusions Treating patients hospitalized for COVID-19 with remdesivir was associated with a significantly lower likelihood of 30-day COVID-19-related readmission across all patients discharged alive from the initial COVID-19 hospitalization, including older adults and those with underlying immunocompromising conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory isolation of people with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), including after treatment initiation, is used to prevent community-based transmission; yet guidelines on duration are limited and implementation is heterogeneous. This systematic review synthesized evidence on respiratory isolation for TB to inform National TB Coalition of America guidelines.Methods After searching six databases, eight reviewers screened and extracted data in duplicate on effects of respiratory isolation compared to no isolation or masking. Studies were stratified by outcomes: TB infection or disease in contacts, mortality, hospitalization duration, patient and health system costs, and impact on mental health or stigma. We used a convergent integrated approach to synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings and assess limitations.Results Seventeen studies were included. There were limited data directly comparing isolation to non-isolation interventions, including effects after treatment initiation. One randomized controlled trial suggested treatment in a sanatorium versus at home did not affect TB incidence in contacts. Modelling studies suggest isolation may reduce transmission, but relied on various assumptions, and isolation was implemented alongside other interventions. Descriptive, mixed-methods, and qualitative studies described adverse impacts of isolation on employment, education, food/housing security, and mental health due to transmission fears, stigma and social isolation. Impacts were compounded in marginalized groups including indigenous and incarcerated persons.Conclusion Data to support current isolation practices, particularly after effective treatment initiation, to reduce TB transmission in communities are limited. Public health guidance should weigh the negative impacts on people with TB against decreased community transmission to make evidence-based decisions about respiratory isolation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Although occult fungal, viral and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections can cause persistent fever in neutropenic patients with hematologic cancer, a variety of non-infectious entities should be considered in case-by-case basis in the context of negative diagnostic workup for infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAyijiang Yisimayi Weiliang Song Jing Wang Fanchong Jian Yuanling Yu Xiaosu Chen Yanli Xu Ran An Yao Wang Jing Wang Haiyan Sun Peng Wang Lingling Yu Fei Shao Ronghua Jin Zhongyang Shen Youchun Wang Yunlong Cao a Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinab Changping Laboratory, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinac Institute for Immunology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinad Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of Chinae Organ Transplant Center, NHC Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin, People’s Republic of Chinaf Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, People’s Republic of Chinag Peking–Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Emerg Microbes Infect, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Nathalie Llanos, Lorena Iglesias, Patricia Gálvez Espinoza, Carla Cuevas, Dérgica Sanhueza
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
by Nathalie Llanos, Lorena Iglesias, Patricia Gálvez Espinoza, Carla Cuevas, Dérgica Sanhueza
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFlorentin Pastor, Emilie Charles, Chiara Di Vona, Maëlys Chapelle, Michel Rivoire, Guillaume Passot, Benoit Chabot, Susana de la Luna, Julie Lucifora, David Durantel, Anna Salvetti
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
by Florentin Pastor, Emilie Charles, Chiara Di Vona, Maëlys Chapelle, Michel Rivoire, Guillaume Passot, Benoit Chabot, Susana de la Luna, Julie Lucifora, David Durantel, Anna Salvetti The genome of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) persists in infected hepatocytes as a nuclear episome (cccDNA) that is responsible for the transcription of viral genes and viral rebound, following antiviral treatment arrest in chronically infected patients. There is currently no clinically approved therapeutic strategy able to efficiently target cccDNA (Lucifora J 2016). The development of alternative strategies aiming at permanently abrogating HBV RNA production requires a thorough understanding of cccDNA transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. In a previous study, we discovered that 1C8, a compound that inhibits the phosphorylation of some cellular RNA-binding proteins, could decrease the level of HBV RNAs. Here, we aimed at identifying kinases responsible for this effect. Among the kinases targeted by 1C8, we focused on DYRK1A, a dual-specificity kinase that controls the transcription of cellular genes by phosphorylating transcription factors, histones, chromatin regulators as well as RNA polymerase II. The results of a combination of genetic and chemical approaches using HBV-infected hepatocytes, indicated that DYRK1A positively regulates the production of HBV RNAs. In addition, we found that DYRK1A associates with cccDNA, and stimulates the production of HBV nascent RNAs. Finally, reporter gene assays showed that DYRK1A up-regulates the activity of the HBV enhancer 1/X promoter in a sequence-dependent manner. Altogether, these results indicate that DYRK1A is a proviral factor that may participate in the HBV life cycle by stimulating the production of HBx, a viral factor absolutely required to trigger the complete cccDNA transcriptional program.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMathieu Marques, Marie Tezier, Maxime Tourret, Laure Cazenave, Clément Brun, Lam Nguyen Duong, Sylvie Cambon, Camille Pouliquen, Florence Ettori, Antoine Sannini, Frédéric Gonzalez, Magali Bisbal, Laurent Chow-Chine, Luca Servan, Jean Manuel de Guibert, Marion Faucher, Djamel Mokart
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
by Mathieu Marques, Marie Tezier, Maxime Tourret, Laure Cazenave, Clément Brun, Lam Nguyen Duong, Sylvie Cambon, Camille Pouliquen, Florence Ettori, Antoine Sannini, Frédéric Gonzalez, Magali Bisbal, Laurent Chow-Chine, Luca Servan, Jean Manuel de Guibert, Marion Faucher, Djamel Mokart Background Radical cystectomy (RC) is a major surgery associated with a high morbidity rate. Perioperative fluid management according to enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols aims to maintain patients in an optimal euvolemic state while exposing them to acute kidney injury (AKI) in the event of hypovolemia. Postoperative AKI is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Our main objective was to determine the association between perioperative variables, including some component of ERAS protocols, and occurrence of postoperative AKI within the first 30 days following RC in patients presenting bladder cancer. Our secondary objective was to evaluate the association between a postoperative AKI and the occurrence or worsening of a chronic kidney disease (CKD) within the 2 years following RC. Methods We conducted a retrospective observational study in a referral cancer center in France on 122 patients who underwent an elective RC for bladder cancer from 01/02/2015 to 30/09/2019. The primary endpoint was occurrence of AKI between surgery and day 30. The secondary endpoint was survival without occurrence or worsening of a postoperative CKD. AKI and CKD were defined by KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) classification. Logistic regression analyse was used to determine independent factors associated with postoperative AKI. Fine and Gray model was used to determine independent factors associated with postoperative CKD. Results The incidence of postoperative AKI was 58,2% (n = 71). Multivariate analysis showed 5 factors independently associated with postoperative AKI: intraoperative restrictive vascular filling < 5ml/kg/h (OR = 4.39, 95%CI (1.05–18.39), p = 0.043), postoperative sepsis (OR = 4.61, 95%CI (1.05–20.28), p = 0.043), female sex (OR = 0.11, 95%CI (0.02–0.73), p = 0.022), score SOFA (Sequential Organ Failure Assessment) at day 1 (OR = 2.19, 95%CI (1.15–4.19), p = 0.018) and delta serum creatinine D1 (OR = 1.06, 95%CI (1.02–1.11), p = 0.006). During the entire follow-up, occurrence or worsening of CKD was diagnosed in 36 (29.5%). A postoperative, AKI was strongly associated with occurrence or worsening of a CKD within the 2 years following RC even after adjustment for confounding factors (sHR = 2.247, 95%CI [1.051–4.806, p = 0.037]). Conclusion A restrictive intraoperative vascular filling < 5ml/kg/h was strongly and independently associated with the occurrence of postoperative AKI after RC in cancer bladder patients. In this context, postoperative AKI was strongly associated with the occurrence or worsening of CKD within the 2 years following RC. A personalized perioperative fluid management strategy needs to be evaluated in these high-risk patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJieYi Png, Farahiyah Wan Yunus, Masne Kadar, Yang Wai Wai, Yazmin Ahmad Rusli, Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
by JieYi Png, Farahiyah Wan Yunus, Masne Kadar, Yang Wai Wai, Yazmin Ahmad Rusli, Jamilah Hanum Abdul Khaiyom Early intervention improves the developmental progress among toddlers with ASD. Family involvement enhances the intervention outcome. This study aimed to develop and test the feasibility of an early intervention home program manual for toddlers with ASD. Method: This study involved three phases: (I) formulation of manual concept and content design (II) manual development through focus group discussion (n = 10) and content validation by experts (n = 9); (III) cognitive interview (n = 6) and feasibility study (n = 8). Result: Content Validity Index (I-CVI) for the developed manual ranged from .78–1.0, S-CVI/Ave .96, and S-CVI/UA .79. Cognitive interview among six parents reported that the manual was easy to understand. The feasibility study reported all eight parents benefitted from coaching sessions. Approximately 87.5% of the respondents found the program benefited their children and could easily implement the activities in their daily routines. Approximately 75% of respondents reported having greater confidence in managing their child’s behaviors at home. Parent coaching using the developed home program is feasible and accepted by parents of a toddler with ASD. Further study should be developed to explore the effectiveness of parent coaching using the manual.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYanan Tuo, Yali Li, Tao Guo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
by Yanan Tuo, Yali Li, Tao Guo An inflammatory skin condition called psoriasis results from immune system interactions that are out of balance. Reactive oxygen species are produced as a general mechanism of mercury toxicity. This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between blood total mercury and psoriasis in US adults. Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2006 and 2013–2014. NHANES is a national research survey program every two years to assess the population’s nutritional and physical health. The relationship between blood total mercury and psoriasis was studied using multivariable logistic regression models and smooth curve fitting. Subgroup analysis and interaction tests were used to investigate if this association was stable across populations. After adjusting for several factors, we found a positive association between blood total mercury and psoriasis in 6086 participants. According to the fully adjusted model, each 1-unit increase in blood total mercury was associated with an 8% increase in the prevalence of psoriasis [1.08 (1.03, 1.14)]. The favorable association seems to be more pronounced in non-diabetes. Our research shows a positive association between psoriasis and blood total mercury in US adults. The results of this study need to be supported by additional prospective research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSilvana Simões Velloso Schuler, Mayra Costanti Vilela Campos, Ana Julia Lacerda, Adriana Cátia Mazzoni, Tamiris Silva, Francine Cristina da Silva, Manoela Domingues Martins, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Elsa Susana Fonseca, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Lara Jansiski Motta
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
by Silvana Simões Velloso Schuler, Mayra Costanti Vilela Campos, Ana Julia Lacerda, Adriana Cátia Mazzoni, Tamiris Silva, Francine Cristina da Silva, Manoela Domingues Martins, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Elsa Susana Fonseca, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Lara Jansiski Motta Introduction Orofacial pain and tension headache are symptoms that affect a large portion of the population, compromising productivity, social ability, and functional development. The treatment for reducing painful sensation should be chosen carefully, as pharmacological treatment may bring side effects and overload the organism of patients in pain. Low-level laser therapy has been used with local and systemic [vascular] applications for pain control. However, there is still uncertainty in the literature about the ideal dosimetric parameters for photobiomodulation treatment according to patient characteristics. Methods The objective of this project is to validate a dosimetry model based on the relationship between the effects of photobiomodulation with anthropometric and hemodynamic variables, both in local application and systemic application in patients with symptoms of orofacial pain and tension headache. For this purpose, 180 participants with orofacial pain post-covid eligible participants will be randomly assigned to Group 1—Local Photobiomodulation, Group 2—Vascular Photobiomodulation, Group 3—Placebo Local Photobiomodulation, or Group 4—Placebo Vascular Photobiomodulation [Therapy EC–DMC device, São Carlos, Brazil,– 660 nm, 100mW] using stratified block randomization. Before the application, sociodemographic information such as age, skin phototype [classified by the Fitzpatrick scale], weight, height, body mass index [BMI], oxygen saturation [SaO2], blood pressure [BP], heart rate [HR], and thickness of skin, fat, and facial muscles will be collected. During the application, we will collect local temperature, SaO2, BP, and HR. Before and after laser application, blood levels of lactate and hemoglobin, BP, and HR will be measured in the first and last session. In addition to demographic, anthropometric, and hemodynamic variables, the penetrated energy will be quantified using a power meter, and information from orofacial pain and headache symptom questionnaires will be analyzed. The Monte Carlo simulation technique will be used to systematically study the relationship between the light penetration profile into the target tissues and the most relevant variables, namely BMI, tissue layer thicknesses, and skin phototype. Light transmittance, measured in vivo and simulated, will be compared to validate a personalized dosimetry model. Discussion The results of this study contribute to validating a Monte Carlo Simulation model to calculate the appropriate dosimetry for photobiomodulation therapies in the control of patients with Post-Covid-19 orofacial pain. Trial registration Trial registration number: NCT06065969.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection and Immunity, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Malaria Journal, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Malaria parasites are haploid within humans, but infections often contain genetically distinct groups of clonal parasites. When the per-infection number of genetically distinct clones (i.e., the multiplicity of infection, MOI) exceeds one, and per-infection genetic data are generated in bulk, important information are obfuscated. For example, the MOI, the phases of the haploid genotypes of genetically distinct clones (i.e., how the alleles concatenate into sequences), and their frequencies. This complicates many downstream analyses, including relatedness estimation. MOIs, parasite sequences, their frequencies, and degrees of relatedness are used ubiquitously in malaria studies: for example, to monitor anti-malarial drug resistance and to track changes in transmission. In this article, MrsFreqPhase methods designed to estimate statistically malaria parasite MOI, relatedness, frequency and phase are reviewed. An overview, a historical account of the literature, and a statistical description of contemporary software is provided for each method class. The article ends with a look towards future method development, needed to make best use of new data types generated by cutting-edge malaria studies reliant on MrsFreqPhase methods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare providers (HCPs) practice and correct management of suspected malaria (CMSM) are central components of malaria elimination and prevention of re-establishment (POR) in countries in the elimination phase. However, knowledge of malaria surveillance systems and HCPs practices often wanes in countries aiming to eliminate malaria due to the low numbers of cases. The study aimed to implement a valid Simulated Malaria Online Tool (SMOT) for assessment HCP performance in CMSM and POR in a malaria-free area. Methods HCPs were evaluated using SMOT tool based on four criteria including presenting a suspected malaria case for detection of HCPs’ failures in recognition (a), diagnosis (b), appropriate treatment (c), and urgent reporting (d); and compared with simulated patients (SP). Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of HCPs failures. Results The overall failure proportion was 237 (83%), and the majority of failures were in recognition (a). There was no significant difference between the SMOT and SP based on all failure criteria (P > 0.05). The private clinic (93%) and the public specialized clinic (70%) had the highest and lowest failure proportions. After passing the recognition stage (a), the overall failure proportions decreased to 47.8% and 25.0% for total HCPs and infectious disease specialists, respectively. In the final analysis, private sector (AOR = 4.36: 1.25–15.2), not-specialist providers (AOR = 2.84: 1.29–6.25) and HCPs with ≥ 5 years’ experience (AOR = 2.03: 1.01–6.25) increased the risk of failure. Conclusion Findings confirmed the implementation of SMOT tool in settings where malaria transmission is low or interrupted. The tool is able to identify sub-groups of providers needing strengthening, and contributes to the prevention of malaria re-establishment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael ZarskeChristiane WerckenthinJulia C. GolzKerstin Stingl1German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Biological Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Berlin, Germany2Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute, Oldenburg, GermanyLaurent Poirel
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
I. S. R. StorerL. E. Sastré-VelásquezT. EasterB. MertensA. DallemulleM. BotteryR. TankM. OffterdingerM. J. BromleyN. van RhijnF. Gsaller1Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom2Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria3Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria4Microbial Evolution Research Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomAndreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Alyssa G. KentLori M. SpicerDavina CampbellErin BreakerGillian A. McAllisterThomas O. EwingCynthia LongoRocio BalbuenaMark BurroughsAlex BurginJasmine PadillaJ. Kristie JohnsonAlison Laufer HalpinSusannah L. McKayJ. Kamile RasheedChristopher A. ElkinsMaria KarlssonJoseph D. LutgringAmy S. Gargis1Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA2Goldbelt C6, LLC, Chesapeake, Virginia, USA3Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA4Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USABenjamin P. Howden
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Infection, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Abstract Purpose As they are effective and well tolerated, aminopenicillins are still the cornerstone for the treatment of enterococcal infections. Current treatment guidelines for infective endocarditis (IE) recommend combination treatments, which carry a higher risk of adverse effects and are based on limited in vitro and experimental data. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the treatments of enterococcal IE in real-life practice. Methods A total of 4121 episodes of enterococcal bloodstream infections, occurring between 1994 and 2019, were screened for the evidence of IE. Baseline characteristics, risk factors for complicated infections and treatment information were assessed and analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Results Overall, 80 (3.9%) IE episodes were identified of which 78 were included in the final analysis. Treatment regimens in our cohort comprised aminopenicillin-monotherapy (n = 20), teicoplanin-monotherapy (n = 26), other monotherapies (OMT) (n = 8), as well as combinations of ampicillin plus daptomycin (n = 8), ampicillin plus gentamicin (n = 4) or other combinations (n = 9). Overall mortality at 28-days was low (9 of 75) and increased to (19 of 75) after 6-months. Frequency of moderate to severe valve regurgitation (p = 0.89), or signs of uncontrolled infection (p = 0.5) and vegetation size ≥ 10 mm (p = 0.11) were similar in the treatment groups. None of the treatment groups was associated with increased hazard for IE-related mortality. Conclusions This retrospective study complements previous evidence, demonstrating that monotherapy regimens may be a suitable and effective option for the treatment of IE and supports the need for a prospective evaluation of aminopenicillin-monotherapy for initial and subsequent therapy in these patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChunyan Guo, Cuixiang Xu, Qing Feng, Xin Xie, Yan Li, Xiangrong Zhao, Jun Hu, Senbiao Fang, Lijun Shang
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Gerrit Koopman, Tom Verhoeven, Petra Mooij, Roja F. Acar, Thibault Harmand, Laney Flanagan, Jaco Bakker, Kinga P. Böszörményi, Ronald E. Bontrop, Jan A. M. Langermans, Hidde L. Ploegh, Ernst J. Verschoor, Danielle J. Vugts, Novalia Pishesha, Marieke A. Stammes
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Siyi Xie, Zheng Song, Ran Chen, Xu Zhang, Shuangxin Wu, Jingliang Chen, Peiming Huang, Hanxin Liu, Kaixin Yu, Yixin Zhang, Siyu Tan, Jun Liu, Xiancai Ma, Hui Zhang, Xin He, Ting Pan
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Nathalie C Støer, Ragnhild Bø, Nils Inge Landrø, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Mette Istre, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, John Arne Dahl, Linda Geng, Kostas Tsilidis, Elio Riboli, Giske Ursin, Arne Søraas
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
COVID-19 was associated with cognitive symptoms, anosmia, dysgeusia, dyspnoea and fatigue as well as worsening of overall health up to 22 months after a SARS-CoV-2 test, even when correcting for symptoms before the onset of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
To more closely target SARS-CoV-2 variants currently circulating in the US, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized an updated formula of the messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine, the agency announced in mid-August.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
As the mpox virus continues to spread in Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a global emergency response plan to limit transmission. As of June 2024, the agency reported, the outbreak has resulted in nearly 100 000 confirmed cases and 200 deaths, mostly in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but also in such neighboring countries as Burundi and Kenya. Both Sweden and Thailand have reported a single travel-related case each.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Immunotherapy drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved long-term cancer survival rates by allowing a person’s immune system to attack tumor cells. But there has been concern about their role in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, known as immune-related adverse events, that can include hypothyroidism, colitis, and diabetes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This Medical News article discusses the recent increase in parvovirus B19 infections in the US, resulting in a health advisory from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Journal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This cross-sectional study analyzes characteristics of prehospital encounters for youth opioid overdoses and trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This quasi-experimental study evaluates the association between the distribution of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and the management of febrile illness and mortality among children younger than 5 years of age in sub-Saharan African countries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This Medical News article is an interview with Quarraisha Abdool Karim, PhD, and Salim S. Abdool Karim, MBChB, PhD, who received the award for their decades of work on AIDS in Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This Review summarizes current evidence on pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and focuses on adults without immune-compromising conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaime David Acosta-España, Ángeles Costta, Jenny Belén Altamirano-Jara, Andrés Herrera-Yela, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
On August 14, 2024, WHO\'s Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declared Mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This declaration followed a surge in Mpox cases, particularly those caused by clade Ib of the virus, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighbouring African countries [1]. While the global spotlight has primarily focused on adult populations, especially men who have sex with men (MSM), The paediatric risk from Mpox remains significantly underrecognised.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDewi, P. E. N., Youngkong, S., Sunantiwat, M., Nathisuwan, S., Thavorncharoensap, M.
BMJ Open, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia with respect to time to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome. DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study in which medical records of hospitalised patients with ACS were reviewed. SettingThree hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. ParticipantsPatients hospitalised with ACS during two pandemic periods (first pandemic period: March–August 2020; second pandemic period: March–August 2021) and prepandemic period (March–August 2019). Outcome measuresTime to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome. ResultsA total of 598 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 615 with non-ST-elevation ACS were identified. Of these, 313, 484 and 416 were identified during the prepandemic period, first pandemic period and second pandemic period, respectively. For STEMI, the proportion of patients with a delay from symptom onset to first medical contact (FMC) was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (47.7% vs 32.0%, OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.18, 2.85). The proportion of patients with STEMI with delayed door-to-balloon (D2B) time was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (99.4% vs 92.9%, OR=13.08, 95% CI 1.57, 108.73). Significantly longer mean total ischaemic time (45.85 hours vs 30.29 hours, mean difference=14.56, 95% CI 1.85, 27.28) was observed among patients with STEMI during the second year of the pandemic as compared with the prepandemic period. No significant differences between the prepandemic period and the first pandemic period were found in terms of proportion of patients with STEMI with a delay in time from symptom onset to FMC, delayed D2B time and total ischaemic time. Only Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05) was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality in the multivariate analysis. ConclusionsThis study suggests a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment among patients with ACS. Health systems need to be well prepared to support effective and timely treatment of patients with ACS during future crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuiberts, A. J., Hoeve, C. E., Kooijman, M. N., de Melker, H. E., Hahne, S. J., Grobbee, D. E., van Binnendijk, R., den Hartog, G., van de Wijgert, J. H., van den Hof, S., Knol, M. J.
BMJ Open, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
PurposeVAccine Study COVID-19 (VASCO) is a cohort study with a 5-year follow-up that was initiated when COVID-19 vaccination was introduced in the Netherlands. The primary objective is to estimate real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Netherlands, overall and in four subpopulations defined by age and medical risk. ParticipantsThe cohort consists of 45 547 community-dwelling participants aged 18–85 years who were included irrespective of their COVID-19 vaccination status or intention to get vaccinated. A medical risk condition is present in 4289 (19.8%) of 21 679 individuals aged 18–59 years, and in 9135 (38.3%) of 23 821 individuals aged 60–85 years. After 1 year of follow-up, 5502 participants had dropped out of the study. At inclusion and several times after inclusion, participants are asked to take a self-collected fingerprick blood sample in which nucleoprotein and spike protein receptor binding domain-specific antibody concentrations are assessed. Participants are also asked to complete monthly digital questionnaires in the first year, and 3 monthly in years 2–5, including questions on sociodemographic factors, health status, COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms and testing results, and behavioural responses to COVID-19 measures. Findings to dateVASCO data have been used to describe VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary vaccination, first and second booster and bivalent boosters, the impact of hybrid immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and VE against infectiousness. Furthermore, data were used to describe antibody response following vaccination and breakthrough infections and to investigate the relation between antibody response and reactogenicity. Future plansVASCO will be able to contribute to policy decision-making regarding future COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, VASCO provides an infrastructure to conduct further studies and to respond to changes in vaccination campaigns and testing policy, and new virus variants. Trial registration numberNL9279.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWickham, A., Russell, C. L., Gatti, J. M.
BMJ Open, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
IntroductionClean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) is the standard of care for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), the most common bladder dysfunction in children diagnosed with spinal dysraphism (SD) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Failure to follow the prescribed CIC regimen results in urinary tract infections, incontinence and renal insufficiency. Adherence to CIC is suboptimal, with reported non-adherence rates of 18%–66%. Despite the efficacy of CIC, the research on CIC adherence is not well defined in the literature and even less for caregivers of children on CIC protocols. MethodsThis proposed study aims to identify caregiver CIC adherence and determinants while exploring the personal experiences of performing CIC from the perspective of caregivers of children with NLUTD due to SD and SCI. This cross-sectional, correlational, convergent mixed methods study design in which qualitative and quantitative data will be collected simultaneously will be used to study the level of adherence and the relationship of caregiver determinants to CIC in children with SD and SCI and adherence to the CIC protocol. Convenience sampling will be used to identify 60 adult caregivers who can read and write English or Spanish and have a child diagnosed with SD and SCI who is currently prescribed CIC by a urology provider. AnalysisThe adherence data will be reported as frequency and percentages. A correlation analysis will be computed to assess the association between determinants measured by the Clean Intermittent Catheterization-Caregiver Questionnaire and adherence levels measured with the Intermittent Catheterization Adherence Scale. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse and interpret the interview data. A comparison joint display will be developed to compare quantitative and qualitative data results. Ethical and disseminationInstitutional review board approval was obtained from the Children’s Mercy Kansas City (Study00003003) and the University of Missouri-Kansas City (#2100185). The study’s main results will be disseminated to caregiver participants, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDexter J. Wiseman, Ryan S. Thwaites, Andrew I. Ritchie, Lydia Finney, Mairi Macleod, Faisal Kamal, Hassan Shahbakhti, Lisa H. van Smoorenburg, Hiub A. M. Kerstjens, Joanne Wildenbeest, Deniz Öner, Jeroen Aerssens, Guy Berbers, Rutger Schepp, Ashley Uruchurtu, Benedikt Ditz, Louis Bont, James P. Allinson, Maarten van den Berge, Gavin C. Donaldson, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Jadwiga Wedzicha
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 210, Issue 8, Page 994-1001, October 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuzanne M. Roche, Ciara Ottewill, Rachel Mulpeter, Kevin Brown, Conor Grant, Daniel D. Fraughen, Lorraine Dolan, Laura E. Gleeson, Anne Marie McLaughlin, Joseph Keane
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 210, Issue 8, Page 1061-1065, October 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed