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Infection and Immunity, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Malaria Journal, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Malaria parasites are haploid within humans, but infections often contain genetically distinct groups of clonal parasites. When the per-infection number of genetically distinct clones (i.e., the multiplicity of infection, MOI) exceeds one, and per-infection genetic data are generated in bulk, important information are obfuscated. For example, the MOI, the phases of the haploid genotypes of genetically distinct clones (i.e., how the alleles concatenate into sequences), and their frequencies. This complicates many downstream analyses, including relatedness estimation. MOIs, parasite sequences, their frequencies, and degrees of relatedness are used ubiquitously in malaria studies: for example, to monitor anti-malarial drug resistance and to track changes in transmission. In this article, MrsFreqPhase methods designed to estimate statistically malaria parasite MOI, relatedness, frequency and phase are reviewed. An overview, a historical account of the literature, and a statistical description of contemporary software is provided for each method class. The article ends with a look towards future method development, needed to make best use of new data types generated by cutting-edge malaria studies reliant on MrsFreqPhase methods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Abstract Background Healthcare providers (HCPs) practice and correct management of suspected malaria (CMSM) are central components of malaria elimination and prevention of re-establishment (POR) in countries in the elimination phase. However, knowledge of malaria surveillance systems and HCPs practices often wanes in countries aiming to eliminate malaria due to the low numbers of cases. The study aimed to implement a valid Simulated Malaria Online Tool (SMOT) for assessment HCP performance in CMSM and POR in a malaria-free area. Methods HCPs were evaluated using SMOT tool based on four criteria including presenting a suspected malaria case for detection of HCPs’ failures in recognition (a), diagnosis (b), appropriate treatment (c), and urgent reporting (d); and compared with simulated patients (SP). Multiple logistic regression analysis was carried out to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for the risk of HCPs failures. Results The overall failure proportion was 237 (83%), and the majority of failures were in recognition (a). There was no significant difference between the SMOT and SP based on all failure criteria (P > 0.05). The private clinic (93%) and the public specialized clinic (70%) had the highest and lowest failure proportions. After passing the recognition stage (a), the overall failure proportions decreased to 47.8% and 25.0% for total HCPs and infectious disease specialists, respectively. In the final analysis, private sector (AOR = 4.36: 1.25–15.2), not-specialist providers (AOR = 2.84: 1.29–6.25) and HCPs with ≥ 5 years’ experience (AOR = 2.03: 1.01–6.25) increased the risk of failure. Conclusion Findings confirmed the implementation of SMOT tool in settings where malaria transmission is low or interrupted. The tool is able to identify sub-groups of providers needing strengthening, and contributes to the prevention of malaria re-establishment.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael ZarskeChristiane WerckenthinJulia C. GolzKerstin Stingl1German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), Department of Biological Safety, National Reference Laboratory for Campylobacter, Berlin, Germany2Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (LAVES), Food and Veterinary Institute, Oldenburg, GermanyLaurent Poirel
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
I. S. R. StorerL. E. Sastré-VelásquezT. EasterB. MertensA. DallemulleM. BotteryR. TankM. OffterdingerM. J. BromleyN. van RhijnF. Gsaller1Manchester Fungal Infection Group, Division of Infection, Immunity, and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom2Institute of Molecular Biology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria3Institute of Neurobiochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria4Microbial Evolution Research Manchester, University of Manchester, Manchester, United KingdomAndreas H. Groll
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Alyssa G. KentLori M. SpicerDavina CampbellErin BreakerGillian A. McAllisterThomas O. EwingCynthia LongoRocio BalbuenaMark BurroughsAlex BurginJasmine PadillaJ. Kristie JohnsonAlison Laufer HalpinSusannah L. McKayJ. Kamile RasheedChristopher A. ElkinsMaria KarlssonJoseph D. LutgringAmy S. Gargis1Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA2Goldbelt C6, LLC, Chesapeake, Virginia, USA3Division of Scientific Resources, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA4Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USABenjamin P. Howden
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 16.10.2024
Tilføjet 16.10.2024
Infection, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Abstract Purpose As they are effective and well tolerated, aminopenicillins are still the cornerstone for the treatment of enterococcal infections. Current treatment guidelines for infective endocarditis (IE) recommend combination treatments, which carry a higher risk of adverse effects and are based on limited in vitro and experimental data. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the treatments of enterococcal IE in real-life practice. Methods A total of 4121 episodes of enterococcal bloodstream infections, occurring between 1994 and 2019, were screened for the evidence of IE. Baseline characteristics, risk factors for complicated infections and treatment information were assessed and analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Results Overall, 80 (3.9%) IE episodes were identified of which 78 were included in the final analysis. Treatment regimens in our cohort comprised aminopenicillin-monotherapy (n = 20), teicoplanin-monotherapy (n = 26), other monotherapies (OMT) (n = 8), as well as combinations of ampicillin plus daptomycin (n = 8), ampicillin plus gentamicin (n = 4) or other combinations (n = 9). Overall mortality at 28-days was low (9 of 75) and increased to (19 of 75) after 6-months. Frequency of moderate to severe valve regurgitation (p = 0.89), or signs of uncontrolled infection (p = 0.5) and vegetation size ≥ 10 mm (p = 0.11) were similar in the treatment groups. None of the treatment groups was associated with increased hazard for IE-related mortality. Conclusions This retrospective study complements previous evidence, demonstrating that monotherapy regimens may be a suitable and effective option for the treatment of IE and supports the need for a prospective evaluation of aminopenicillin-monotherapy for initial and subsequent therapy in these patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChunyan Guo, Cuixiang Xu, Qing Feng, Xin Xie, Yan Li, Xiangrong Zhao, Jun Hu, Senbiao Fang, Lijun Shang
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Gerrit Koopman, Tom Verhoeven, Petra Mooij, Roja F. Acar, Thibault Harmand, Laney Flanagan, Jaco Bakker, Kinga P. Böszörményi, Ronald E. Bontrop, Jan A. M. Langermans, Hidde L. Ploegh, Ernst J. Verschoor, Danielle J. Vugts, Novalia Pishesha, Marieke A. Stammes
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Siyi Xie, Zheng Song, Ran Chen, Xu Zhang, Shuangxin Wu, Jingliang Chen, Peiming Huang, Hanxin Liu, Kaixin Yu, Yixin Zhang, Siyu Tan, Jun Liu, Xiancai Ma, Hui Zhang, Xin He, Ting Pan
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Merete Ellingjord-Dale, Anders Benteson Nygaard, Nathalie C Støer, Ragnhild Bø, Nils Inge Landrø, Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll, Mette Istre, Karl Trygve Kalleberg, John Arne Dahl, Linda Geng, Kostas Tsilidis, Elio Riboli, Giske Ursin, Arne Søraas
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
COVID-19 was associated with cognitive symptoms, anosmia, dysgeusia, dyspnoea and fatigue as well as worsening of overall health up to 22 months after a SARS-CoV-2 test, even when correcting for symptoms before the onset of COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
To more closely target SARS-CoV-2 variants currently circulating in the US, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) authorized an updated formula of the messenger RNA (mRNA) COVID-19 vaccine, the agency announced in mid-August.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
As the mpox virus continues to spread in Africa, the World Health Organization (WHO) has launched a global emergency response plan to limit transmission. As of June 2024, the agency reported, the outbreak has resulted in nearly 100 000 confirmed cases and 200 deaths, mostly in the Democratic Republic of Congo, but also in such neighboring countries as Burundi and Kenya. Both Sweden and Thailand have reported a single travel-related case each.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Immunotherapy drugs known as immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved long-term cancer survival rates by allowing a person’s immune system to attack tumor cells. But there has been concern about their role in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, known as immune-related adverse events, that can include hypothyroidism, colitis, and diabetes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This Medical News article discusses the recent increase in parvovirus B19 infections in the US, resulting in a health advisory from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Journal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This cross-sectional study analyzes characteristics of prehospital encounters for youth opioid overdoses and trends before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This quasi-experimental study evaluates the association between the distribution of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and the management of febrile illness and mortality among children younger than 5 years of age in sub-Saharan African countries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This Medical News article is an interview with Quarraisha Abdool Karim, PhD, and Salim S. Abdool Karim, MBChB, PhD, who received the award for their decades of work on AIDS in Africa.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This Review summarizes current evidence on pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and focuses on adults without immune-compromising conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJaime David Acosta-España, Ángeles Costta, Jenny Belén Altamirano-Jara, Andrés Herrera-Yela, D. Katterine Bonilla-Aldana, Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales.
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
On August 14, 2024, WHO\'s Director-General, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, declared Mpox a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). This declaration followed a surge in Mpox cases, particularly those caused by clade Ib of the virus, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and neighbouring African countries [1]. While the global spotlight has primarily focused on adult populations, especially men who have sex with men (MSM), The paediatric risk from Mpox remains significantly underrecognised.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDewi, P. E. N., Youngkong, S., Sunantiwat, M., Nathisuwan, S., Thavorncharoensap, M.
BMJ Open, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in Yogyakarta, Indonesia with respect to time to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome. DesignThis is a retrospective cohort study in which medical records of hospitalised patients with ACS were reviewed. SettingThree hospitals in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. ParticipantsPatients hospitalised with ACS during two pandemic periods (first pandemic period: March–August 2020; second pandemic period: March–August 2021) and prepandemic period (March–August 2019). Outcome measuresTime to treatment, treatment pattern and treatment outcome. ResultsA total of 598 patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 615 with non-ST-elevation ACS were identified. Of these, 313, 484 and 416 were identified during the prepandemic period, first pandemic period and second pandemic period, respectively. For STEMI, the proportion of patients with a delay from symptom onset to first medical contact (FMC) was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (47.7% vs 32.0%, OR=1.84, 95% CI 1.18, 2.85). The proportion of patients with STEMI with delayed door-to-balloon (D2B) time was significantly higher during the second pandemic period as compared with the prepandemic period (99.4% vs 92.9%, OR=13.08, 95% CI 1.57, 108.73). Significantly longer mean total ischaemic time (45.85 hours vs 30.29 hours, mean difference=14.56, 95% CI 1.85, 27.28) was observed among patients with STEMI during the second year of the pandemic as compared with the prepandemic period. No significant differences between the prepandemic period and the first pandemic period were found in terms of proportion of patients with STEMI with a delay in time from symptom onset to FMC, delayed D2B time and total ischaemic time. Only Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events risk score (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.05) was a significant predictor of in-hospital mortality in the multivariate analysis. ConclusionsThis study suggests a significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on time to treatment among patients with ACS. Health systems need to be well prepared to support effective and timely treatment of patients with ACS during future crisis.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHuiberts, A. J., Hoeve, C. E., Kooijman, M. N., de Melker, H. E., Hahne, S. J., Grobbee, D. E., van Binnendijk, R., den Hartog, G., van de Wijgert, J. H., van den Hof, S., Knol, M. J.
BMJ Open, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
PurposeVAccine Study COVID-19 (VASCO) is a cohort study with a 5-year follow-up that was initiated when COVID-19 vaccination was introduced in the Netherlands. The primary objective is to estimate real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Netherlands, overall and in four subpopulations defined by age and medical risk. ParticipantsThe cohort consists of 45 547 community-dwelling participants aged 18–85 years who were included irrespective of their COVID-19 vaccination status or intention to get vaccinated. A medical risk condition is present in 4289 (19.8%) of 21 679 individuals aged 18–59 years, and in 9135 (38.3%) of 23 821 individuals aged 60–85 years. After 1 year of follow-up, 5502 participants had dropped out of the study. At inclusion and several times after inclusion, participants are asked to take a self-collected fingerprick blood sample in which nucleoprotein and spike protein receptor binding domain-specific antibody concentrations are assessed. Participants are also asked to complete monthly digital questionnaires in the first year, and 3 monthly in years 2–5, including questions on sociodemographic factors, health status, COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms and testing results, and behavioural responses to COVID-19 measures. Findings to dateVASCO data have been used to describe VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection of primary vaccination, first and second booster and bivalent boosters, the impact of hybrid immunity on SARS-CoV-2 infection and VE against infectiousness. Furthermore, data were used to describe antibody response following vaccination and breakthrough infections and to investigate the relation between antibody response and reactogenicity. Future plansVASCO will be able to contribute to policy decision-making regarding future COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, VASCO provides an infrastructure to conduct further studies and to respond to changes in vaccination campaigns and testing policy, and new virus variants. Trial registration numberNL9279.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWickham, A., Russell, C. L., Gatti, J. M.
BMJ Open, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
IntroductionClean intermittent catheterisation (CIC) is the standard of care for treating neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD), the most common bladder dysfunction in children diagnosed with spinal dysraphism (SD) and spinal cord injury (SCI). Failure to follow the prescribed CIC regimen results in urinary tract infections, incontinence and renal insufficiency. Adherence to CIC is suboptimal, with reported non-adherence rates of 18%–66%. Despite the efficacy of CIC, the research on CIC adherence is not well defined in the literature and even less for caregivers of children on CIC protocols. MethodsThis proposed study aims to identify caregiver CIC adherence and determinants while exploring the personal experiences of performing CIC from the perspective of caregivers of children with NLUTD due to SD and SCI. This cross-sectional, correlational, convergent mixed methods study design in which qualitative and quantitative data will be collected simultaneously will be used to study the level of adherence and the relationship of caregiver determinants to CIC in children with SD and SCI and adherence to the CIC protocol. Convenience sampling will be used to identify 60 adult caregivers who can read and write English or Spanish and have a child diagnosed with SD and SCI who is currently prescribed CIC by a urology provider. AnalysisThe adherence data will be reported as frequency and percentages. A correlation analysis will be computed to assess the association between determinants measured by the Clean Intermittent Catheterization-Caregiver Questionnaire and adherence levels measured with the Intermittent Catheterization Adherence Scale. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse and interpret the interview data. A comparison joint display will be developed to compare quantitative and qualitative data results. Ethical and disseminationInstitutional review board approval was obtained from the Children’s Mercy Kansas City (Study00003003) and the University of Missouri-Kansas City (#2100185). The study’s main results will be disseminated to caregiver participants, published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFederico Baraldi, Marco Contoli, Alberto Papi
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 210, Issue 8, Page 967-969, October 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSara C. Auld, Amy K. Barczak, William Bishai, Anna K. Coussens, Intan M. W. Dewi, Steven C. Mitini-Nkhoma, Caleb Muefong, Threnesan Naidoo, Anil Pooran, Cari Stek, Adrie J. C. Steyn, Liku Tezera, Naomi F. Walker
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 210, Issue 8, Page 979-993, October 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDexter J. Wiseman, Ryan S. Thwaites, Andrew I. Ritchie, Lydia Finney, Mairi Macleod, Faisal Kamal, Hassan Shahbakhti, Lisa H. van Smoorenburg, Hiub A. M. Kerstjens, Joanne Wildenbeest, Deniz Öner, Jeroen Aerssens, Guy Berbers, Rutger Schepp, Ashley Uruchurtu, Benedikt Ditz, Louis Bont, James P. Allinson, Maarten van den Berge, Gavin C. Donaldson, Peter J. M. Openshaw, Jadwiga Wedzicha
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 210, Issue 8, Page 994-1001, October 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSuzanne M. Roche, Ciara Ottewill, Rachel Mulpeter, Kevin Brown, Conor Grant, Daniel D. Fraughen, Lorraine Dolan, Laura E. Gleeson, Anne Marie McLaughlin, Joseph Keane
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine , 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Volume 210, Issue 8, Page 1061-1065, October 15, 2024.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAugusto Simoes-Barbosa, Kathryn M. McRae, Tania S. Waghorn, Pavel Dolezal, Katherine S. Ralston, Ivana Bilic, Robert P. Hirt, Steven A. Sullivan, Tomoyoshi Nozaki
Trends in Parasitology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
The 7th International Conference on Anaerobic Protists (ICAP), chaired by Augusto Simoes-Barbosa, took place at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, from 26 to 29 August 2024. Celebrating 23 years since its inception, the ICAP has been pivotal in advancing knowledge on the critical and yet underexplored aspects of most neglected protozoan parasites, including Trichomonads, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia. The conference featured three plenary lectures and eight specialized sessions, with over 40 presentations highlighting significant discoveries in anaerobic protozoology.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Abstract The genus Pseudomonas is characterized by its rich genetic diversity, with over 300 species been validly recognized. This reflects significant progress made through sequencing and computational methods. Pseudomonas putida group comprises highly adaptable species that thrive in diverse environments and play various ecological roles, from promoting plant growth to being pathogenic in immunocompromised individuals. By leveraging the GRUMPS computational pipeline, we scrutinized 26363 genomes labeled as Pseudomonas in NCBI GenBank, categorizing all Pseudomonas spp. genomes into 435 distinct species-level clusters or cliques. We identified 224 strains deposited under the taxonomic identifier “Pseudomonas putida” distributed within 31 of these species-level clusters, challenging prior classifications. Nine of these 31 cliques contained at least six genomes labeled as “Pseudomonas putida” and were analyzed in depth, particularly clique_1 (P. alloputida) and clique_2 (P. putida). Pangenomic analysis of a set of 413 P. putida group strains revealed over 2.2 million proteins and more than 77000 distinct protein families. The core genome of these 413 strains includes 2226 protein families involved in essential biological processes. Intraspecific genetic homogeneity was observed within each clique, each possessing a distinct genomic identity. These cliques exhibit distinct core genes and diverse subgroups, reflecting adaptation to specific environments. Contrary to traditional views, nosocomial infections by P. alloputida, P. putida, and P. monteilii have been reported, with strains showing varied antibiotic resistance profiles due to diverse mechanisms. This review enhances the taxonomic understanding of key P. putida group species using advanced population genomics approaches and provides a comprehensive understanding of their genetic diversity, ecological roles, interactions, and potential applications.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYawei Wang, Hau Chi So, Nicole Ngai Yung Tsang, Siu Kan Kwok, Benjamin J Cowling, Gabriel M Leung, Dennis Kai Ming Ip
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
SARS-CoV-2 infections were generally mild, but not increasingly so, along the evolution of omicron subvariants in this highly vaccinated population. About a third of participants with symptomatic infections reported that the symptoms severely affected daily life even if they were not admitted to hospital, resulting in morbidity, absence from work or school due to illness, productivity loss, and increased medicoeconomic burden. A gradual reduction in the association of vaccines and increase in the association of previous infection with the symptom profile, possibly reflecting the effects of immune escape and waning, were observed over the study period.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSlim Fourati, Alawiya Reslan, Jérome Bourret, Jean-Sébastien Casalegno, Yannis Rahou, Lionel Chollet, Sylvie Pillet, Pauline Tremeaux, Nefert Candace Dossou, Elyanne Gault, Maud Salmona, Berthe-Marie Imbert-Marcille, Audrey Mirand, Sylvie Larrat, Alice Moisan, Stéphane Marot, Aurélie Schnuriger, Nicolas Veyrenche, Ilka Engelmann, Lynda Handala, Amandine Henry, Valentin Stephan, Ségolène Brichler, Véronique Avettand-Fenoel, Nael Zemali, Caroline Lefeuvre, Charlotte Pronier, Luc Deroche, Marie-Christine Jaffar-Bandjee, Lina Mouna, Catherine Francois, Alexandre Regueme, Cédric Hartard, Sylvie Rogez, Floriane Gallais, Arnaud Ly, Christophe Rodriguez, Georges Dos Santos, Etienne Simon-Loriere, Olivier Schwartz, Julian Buchrieser, Jean-MiIchel Pawlotsky, Frédéric Lemoine, Etienne Audureau, Marie-Anne Rameix-Welti, POLYRES investigators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
This study is, to the best of our knowledge, the largest genotypic and phenotypic surveillance study of nirsevimab breakthrough infections to date. Nirsevimab breakthrough variants remain very rare despite the drug\'s widespread use. The detection of resistance-associated substitutions in the RSV-B F protein highlights the importance of active molecular surveillance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
The PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
David Arregui-Almeida, Martín Coronel, Karina Analuisa, Carlos Bastidas-Caldes, Santiago Guerrero, Marbel Torres, Andrea Aluisa, Alexis Debut, Werner Brämer-Escamilla, Fernanda Pilaquinga
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
by David Arregui-Almeida, Martín Coronel, Karina Analuisa, Carlos Bastidas-Caldes, Santiago Guerrero, Marbel Torres, Andrea Aluisa, Alexis Debut, Werner Brämer-Escamilla, Fernanda Pilaquinga Magnet-mediated gene therapy has gained considerable interest from researchers as a novel alternative for treating genetic disorders, particularly through the use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (NPs)—such as magnetite NPs (Fe3O4NPs)—as non-viral genetic vectors. Despite their commercial availability for specific genetic transfection, such as in microglia cell lines, many potential uses remain unexplored. Still, ethical concerns surrounding the use of human DNA often impede genetic research. Hence, this study examined DNA-coated Fe3O4NPs (DNA-Fe₃O₄NPs) as potential transfection vectors for human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) and A549 (lung cancer) cell lines, using banana (Musa sp.) as a low-cost, and bioethically unproblematic DNA source. Following coprecipitation synthesis, DNA-Fe₃O₄NP characterization revealed a ζ-potential of 40.65 ± 4.10 mV, indicating good colloidal stability in aqueous media, as well as a superparamagnetic regime, evidenced by the absence of hysteresis in their magnetization curves. Successful DNA coating on the NPs was confirmed through infrared spectra and surface analysis results, while magnetite content was verified via characteristic X-ray diffraction peaks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) determined the average size of the DNA-Fe3O4NPs to be 14.69 ± 5.22 nm. TEM micrographs also showed no morphological changes in the DNA-Fe3O4NPs over a 30-day period. Confocal microscopy of HFF and A549 lung cancer cell lines incubated with fluoresceinamine-labeled DNA-Fe3O4NPs demonstrated their internalization into both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Neither uncoated Fe3O4NPs nor DNA-Fe3O4NPs showed cytotoxicity to A549 lung cancer cells at 1–50 μg/mL and 25–100 μg/mL, respectively, after 24 h. HFFs also maintained viability at 1–10 μg/mL for both NP types. In conclusion, DNA-Fe3O4NPs were successfully internalized into cells and exhibited no cytotoxicity in both healthy and cancerous cells across a range of concentrations. These NPs, capable of binding to various types of DNA and RNA, hold promise for applications in gene therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThe PLOS ONE Editors
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Catherine Collins, Lise Chaumont, Mathilde Peruzzi, Nedim Jamak, Pierre Boudinot, Julia Béjar, Patricia Moreno, Daniel Álvarez Torres, Bertrand Collet
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
by Catherine Collins, Lise Chaumont, Mathilde Peruzzi, Nedim Jamak, Pierre Boudinot, Julia Béjar, Patricia Moreno, Daniel Álvarez Torres, Bertrand Collet Cells are equipped with intracellular RIG-like Receptors (RLRs) detecting double stranded (ds)RNA, a molecule with Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern (PAMPs) generated during the life cycle of many viruses. Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5), a helicase enzyme member of the RLRs encoded by the ifih1 gene, binds to long dsRNA molecules during a viral infection and initiates production of type I interferon (IFN1) which orchestrates the antiviral response. In order to understand the contribution of MDA5 to viral resistance in fish cells, we have isolated a clonal Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha epithelial-like cell line invalidated for the ifih1 gene by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. We demonstrated that IFN1 induction is impaired in this cell line after infection with the Snakehead Rhabdovirus (SHRV), the Salmon Alphavirus (SAV) or Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV). The cell line, however, did not show any increase in cytopathic effect when infected with SHRV or SAV. Similarly, no cytopathic effect was observed in the ifih1-/- cell line when infected with Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus (IPNV), Infectious Haemorrhagic Necrotic Virus (IHNV). These results indicate the redundancy of the antiviral innate defence system in CHSE-derived cells, which helps with circumventing viral evasion strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Abstract A 43-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with progressive dyspnea. CT scan showed pronounced cystic lesions and ground glass opacitiy in both lungs and diagnosis of HIV infection was established. Bronchoscopy confirmed diagnosis of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP). The radiological presentation with perihilar large cysts is typical for PCP in HIV-infected patients, but rarely encountered today.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedValentine Marie Ferré, Romain Coppée, Fifonsi A. Gbeasor‐Komlanvi, Sophie Vacher, Antoine Bridier‐Nahmias, Margot Bucau, Mounerou Salou, Sonia Lameiras, Anne Couvelard, Anoumou Claver Dagnra, Ivan Bieche, Diane Descamps, Didier K. Ekouevi, Jade Ghosn, Charlotte Charpentier
Journal of Medical Virology, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Quan Zou, Yu Xie, Li Zhang, Qiuhong Wu, Hailing Ye, Yi Ding, Weiying Chen, Lishan Tian, Jun Yuan, Tao Zhang, Xiaojing Zheng, Weiming Tang, Xiangsheng Chen, Wenjie Dai, Zhenzhou Luo
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Over the past 30 years, Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) has consistently ranked as the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide [1], with a global prevalence of 4% in 2023 [2]. Approximately 70–80% of women with C. trachomatis infections are asymptomatic [3]. Although the risk of reproductive tract complications is lower for this group of women [4], they can still transmit chlamydia to others. Additionally, reinfection occurs in 10–20% of patients after therapy [5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXiaoran Yu, Huan Wang, Sheng Ma, Wanning Chen, Lin Sun, Zhiyong Zou
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 15.10.2024
Tilføjet 15.10.2024
Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are the leading cause of death from infectious diseases worldwide, causing approximately 2.60 million deaths annually.[1] Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and influenza virus are three major pathogens associated with LRIs, imposing a substantial disease and economic burden. Especially in the winter of 2023, several bacteria and viruses led to an unusually high burden of LRIs according to the recent World Health Organization (WHO) reports.[2, 3] The implementation of nonpharmaceutical interventions during the emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected the transmission of seasonal respiratory pathogens.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.10.2024
Tilføjet 14.10.2024
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted tuberculosis (TB) treatment services, including directly observed therapy (DOT) programs used to promote medication adherence. We compared DOT adherence embedded in a research study before and after COVID-19 lockdowns in South Africa. Methods We analyzed data from 263 observational study participants undergoing drug susceptible (DS)-TB DOT between May 2017 to March 2022. Participants enrolled before October 2019 were considered ‘pre-COVID-19’ and those enrolled after September 2020 were considered ‘post-COVID-19 lockdown groups. Negative binomial regression models were used to compare DOT non-adherence rates between the two lockdown groups. We then conducted a sensitivity analysis which only included participants enrolled in the immediate period following the first COVID-19 lockdown. Results DOT non-adherence rate was higher in the post-COVID-19 lockdown group (aIRR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.04–1.96; p = 0.028) compared to pre-COVID-19 lockdown period, adjusting for age, sex, employment status, household hunger, depression risk, and smoked substance use. DOT non-adherence was highest immediately following the initial lockdown (aIRR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.17–2.67; p = 0.006). Conclusion The COVID-19 lockdowns adversely effected adherence to TB DOT in the period after lockdowns were lifted. The change in DOT adherence persisted even after adjusting for socioeconomic and behavioral variables. We need a better understanding of what treatment adherence barriers were exacerbated by COVID-19 lockdowns to improve outcomes in post-pandemic times. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Registration Number: NCT02840877. Registered on 19 July 2016.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.10.2024
Tilføjet 14.10.2024
Abstract Background Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST), a serious cerebrovascular and neurological emergency, is common in pregnant individuals and accounts for approximately 0.5–1.0% of all cerebrovascular diseases. However, CVST with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in immunocompetent pregnant patients is rare. Case presentation A 30-year-old woman who was 33 weeks pregnant presented with recurrent dizziness, headache, and vomiting as the main clinical manifestations, all of which were initially nonspecific. After assessment of the cerebrospinal fluid, skull computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other laboratory and imaging examinations, the patient was diagnosed with secondary pregnancy-related CVST with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. Despite receiving potent anticoagulant and antifungal treatment, the patient’s condition deteriorated, and the patient’s family opted to cease treatment. Conclusions We present a rare case of CVST with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in an immunocompetent pregnant patient. The difficulty of diagnosing and treating secondary pregnancy-related CVST caused by cryptococcal meningoencephalitis, as well as the great challenges faced at present are highlighted. One crucial lesson from the present case is that when clinical and imaging signs are unusual for CVST during pregnancy, it is essential to account for the possibility of other central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as CNS infections with Cryptococcus, which may cause CVST.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.10.2024
Tilføjet 14.10.2024
Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory infections in infants worldwide, significantly affecting their health and contributing to the global healthcare burden. We aimed to examine healthcare resource utilisation patterns and costs for infants under one year old with confirmed RSV infection across subgroups of different gestational ages and health conditions and the cost implications of RSV infections over time, thereby demonstrating the economic burden of the disease. Methods This retrospective cohort study utilised nationwide claims data from the Korea Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service for infants under one year of age with confirmed RSV infection in the first year of life from January 2017 to April 2022. The infants were stratified into three subgroups based on their gestational age and health status: unhealthy preterm, healthy preterm, and full-term infants. A descriptive analysis was conducted to estimate healthcare utilization by type of resource and costs related to the treatment of RSV. Results Out of 93,585 RSV infections identified, 31,206 patients met the inclusion criteria; these included 963 unhealthy preterm, 1,768 healthy preterm and 28,475 full-term infants. In our study, 76.3% of the infants with confirmed RSV infection required intensive care, including hospitalisation and more critical interventions such as intensive care unit (ICU) or mechanical ventilation (MV). The total average cost of RSV management was notably higher for unhealthy preterm infants ($ 6,325; 95% confidence interval (CI): $ 5,484-7,165) than for healthy preterm ($ 1,134; 95% CI: $ 1,006 − 1,261) and full-term infants ($ 606; 95% CI: 583–630). Our findings confirmed a significant epidemiological and economic burden, with infants at greater risk–shorter gestational age and poorer health conditions. Furthermore, we observed a marked increase in the total average cost of RSV management during COVID-19, reflecting the complex interplay between RSV and pandemic-related healthcare dynamics. Conclusion Our findings provide evidence for the significant economic burden of RSV infection among infants, with considerable disparities based on gestational age and health status subgroups. However, RSV prevention policies should also recognise that healthy preterm or full-term infants who receive intensive care face a significant disease burden.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.10.2024
Tilføjet 14.10.2024
Abstract Background We explored vaccine motivation and preferences for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) vaccine attributes among participants in TBE-endemic countries in Europe. Methods An online survey was conducted among the general public in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, and Sweden. Participants were ≥ 18 years old, open to receiving vaccines, and living in, or regularly traveling to, TBE-endemic regions in the aforementioned countries. Participants were asked about their general vaccine knowledge and motivations for vaccination, before rating the importance of TBE vaccine attributes, such as efficacy, safety, dosing schedule, and booster interval. Thereafter, participants were shown three hypothetical TBE vaccine profiles with different combinations of attributes. Assuming equal efficacy and safety, participants were asked to select their preferred profile from 12 screens as part of a discrete-choice conjoint analysis. Utility scores were calculated to show the importance of each attribute. Data are presented for the overall survey group and by age and gender, using t-tests to compare means. Results For 73% of participants (n = 1003/1379), self-protection was among the top three reasons to get vaccinated. Disease severity, protection of children or family, and advice or recommendation from a doctor/healthcare professional (HCP) were top three reasons for over half of participants. The majority (58–69%) agreed or strongly agreed that they trust their doctor/HCP on the subject of vaccines, they rely on their doctor/HCP’s vaccine knowledge, and they prefer their doctor/HCP to make recommendations on which vaccines they or their families should take. Efficacy and safety were the most important standalone TBE vaccine attributes; however, among TBE vaccine profiles including 3-, 5- and 10-year booster intervals, the 10-year booster interval was the most influential attribute level when choosing a preferred vaccine profile (utility score: 0.58 [standard error: 0.01]). Differences in motivators and preferences were observed between age and gender subgroups. Conclusion The high level of doctor/HCP reliance highlights the key role doctors/HCPs play in influencing vaccine decision-making. Booster interval was the biggest driver of choice when selecting a hypothetical TBE vaccine profile, with the strongest preference for a 10-year booster interval. These findings could be used to inform TBE vaccination recommendations and in the further development of TBE vaccines.
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