Nyt fra tidsskrifterne
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#102121
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#102046
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101975
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101934
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101902
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101872
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101755
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101741
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101659
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101590
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101571
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101357
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101256
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101250
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101191
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101148
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101091
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#101078
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100970
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100963
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100940
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100927
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100916
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100918
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100793
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100546
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100449
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100437
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100433
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100425
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100377
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100360
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100309
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100234
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100179
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#100121
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99962
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99878
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99841
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99800
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99767
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99743
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99705
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99681
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99648
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99614
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99622
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99535
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99515
Klik på knappen for at kopiere eller tryk på linket nedenfor.
Kopieret til udklipsholder!
https://www.infmed.dk/nyheder-udefra?rss_filter=omicron&setpoint=70356#99411
Søgeord (omicron) valgt.
796 emner vises.
Amit Saraf, Rohan Gurjar, Swarnendu Kaviraj, Aishwarya Kulkarni, Durgesh Kumar, Ruta Kulkarni, Rashmi Virkar, Jayashri Krishnan, Anjali Yadav, Ekta Baranwal, Ajay Singh, Arjun Raghuwanshi, Praveen Agarwal, Laxman Savergave, Sanjay Singh, Himanshu Pophale, Prakash Shende, Ravindra Baban Shinde, Vikram Vikhe, Abhishek Karmalkar, Bhaskar Deshmukh, Krishna Giri, Shrikant Deshpande, Ajay Bulle, Md. Sabah Siddiqui, Swapnav Borthakur, V. Reddy Tummuru, A. Venkateshwar Rao, Dhaiwat Shukla, Manish Kumar Jain, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Pravin Dinkar Supe, Manoja Kumar Das, Manoj Lahoti, Vijaykumar Barge
Nature, 18.04.2024
Tilføjet 18.04.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 17.04.2024
Tilføjet 17.04.2024
Abstract Background Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), there have been multiple waves of infection and multiple rounds of vaccination rollouts. Both prior infection and vaccination can prevent future infection and reduce severity of outcomes, combining to form hybrid immunity against COVID-19 at the individual and population level. Here, we explore how different combinations of hybrid immunity affect the size and severity of near-future Omicron waves. Methods To investigate the role of hybrid immunity, we use an agent-based model of COVID-19 transmission with waning immunity to simulate outbreaks in populations with varied past attack rates and past vaccine coverages, basing the demographics and past histories on the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region. Results We find that if the past infection immunity is high but vaccination levels are low, then the secondary outbreak with the same variant can occur within a few months after the first outbreak; meanwhile, high vaccination levels can suppress near-term outbreaks and delay the second wave. Additionally, hybrid immunity has limited impact on future COVID-19 waves with immune-escape variants. Conclusions Enhanced understanding of the interplay between infection and vaccine exposure can aid anticipation of future epidemic activity due to current and emergent variants, including the likely impact of responsive vaccine interventions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 13.04.2024
Tilføjet 13.04.2024
Abstract Purpose To evaluate clinical outcomes associated with sotrovimab use during Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 predominance. Methods Electronic databases were searched for observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals, preprint articles and conference abstracts from January 1, 2022 to February 27, 2023. Results The 14 studies identified were heterogeneous in terms of study design, population, endpoints and definitions. They included > 1.7 million high-risk patients with COVID-19, of whom approximately 41,000 received sotrovimab (range n = 20–5979 during BA.2 and n = 76–1383 during BA.5 predominance). Four studies compared the effectiveness of sotrovimab with untreated or no monoclonal antibody treatment controls, two compared sotrovimab with other treatments, and three single-arm studies compared outcomes during BA.2 and/or BA.5 versus BA.1. Five studies descriptively reported rates of clinical outcomes in patients treated with sotrovimab. Rates of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality (0.95–4.0% during BA.2; 0.5–2.0% during BA.5) and all-cause mortality (1.7–2.0% during BA.2; 3.4% during combined BA.2 and BA.5 periods) among sotrovimab-treated patients were consistently low. During BA.2, a lower risk of all-cause hospitalization or mortality was reported across studies with sotrovimab versus untreated cohorts. Compared with other treatments, sotrovimab was associated with a lower (molnupiravir) or similar (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality during BA.2 and BA.5. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 periods. Conclusions This systematic literature review suggests continued effectiveness of sotrovimab in preventing severe clinical outcomes during BA.2 and BA.5 predominance, both against active/untreated comparators and compared with BA.1 predominance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAlessandra Vergori, Alessandro Cozzi Lepri, Marta Chiuchiarelli, Valentina Mazzotta, Elisabetta Metafuni, Giulia Matusali, Valentina Siciliano, Jessica Paulicelli, Eleonora Alma, Agostina Siniscalchi, Simona Sica, Elisabetta Abruzzese, Massimo Fantoni, Andrea Antinori, Antonella Cingolani
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 12.04.2024
Tilføjet 12.04.2024
Although the overall mortality during SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants of concern (VoC) wave might be lower than that seen with other previous VoCs immunocompromised individuals remain at increased the risk of hospitalization and prolonged duration of the infection compared to the general population [1]. Moreover, persons with immunosuppression may experience reduced vaccine immune response with an impaired seroconversion and effectiveness [2]. To address the need to protect these individuals from breakthrough infections and possibly from long-lasting SARS-CoV-2 infections, in December 2021 the combination tixagevimab/cilgavimab (EvusheldTM, AstraZeneca; T/C) received the emergency use authorization (EUA) from the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) at the dosage of 150/150 mg in moderate to severely immunocompromised individuals (aged 12 years or older and weighing >40 kg) who could not be vaccinated against COVID-19 or who may have had an inadequate response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 11.04.2024
Tilføjet 11.04.2024
Abstract Purpose To evaluate clinical outcomes associated with sotrovimab use during Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 predominance. Methods Electronic databases were searched for observational studies published in peer-reviewed journals, preprint articles and conference abstracts from January 1, 2022 to February 27, 2023. Results The 14 studies identified were heterogeneous in terms of study design, population, endpoints and definitions. They included > 1.7 million high-risk patients with COVID-19, of whom approximately 41,000 received sotrovimab (range n = 20–5979 during BA.2 and n = 76–1383 during BA.5 predominance). Four studies compared the effectiveness of sotrovimab with untreated or no monoclonal antibody treatment controls, two compared sotrovimab with other treatments, and three single-arm studies compared outcomes during BA.2 and/or BA.5 versus BA.1. Five studies descriptively reported rates of clinical outcomes in patients treated with sotrovimab. Rates of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality (0.95–4.0% during BA.2; 0.5–2.0% during BA.5) and all-cause mortality (1.7–2.0% during BA.2; 3.4% during combined BA.2 and BA.5 periods) among sotrovimab-treated patients were consistently low. During BA.2, a lower risk of all-cause hospitalization or mortality was reported across studies with sotrovimab versus untreated cohorts. Compared with other treatments, sotrovimab was associated with a lower (molnupiravir) or similar (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or mortality during BA.2 and BA.5. There was no significant difference in outcomes between the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 periods. Conclusions This systematic literature review suggests continued effectiveness of sotrovimab in preventing severe clinical outcomes during BA.2 and BA.5 predominance, both against active/untreated comparators and compared with BA.1 predominance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 10.04.2024
Tilføjet 10.04.2024
Infection, 8.04.2024
Tilføjet 8.04.2024
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 7.04.2024
Tilføjet 7.04.2024
Abstract Background With COVID-19 vaccination no longer mandated by many businesses/organizations, it is now up to individuals to decide whether to get any new boosters/updated vaccines going forward.Methods We developed a Markov model representing the potential clinical/economic outcomes from an individual perspective in the United States of getting versus not getting an annual COVID-19 vaccine.Results For an 18-49-year-old, getting vaccinated at its current price ($60) can save the individual on average $30-$603 if the individual is uninsured and $4-$437 if the individual has private insurance, as long as the starting vaccine efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is ≥50% and the weekly risk of getting infected is ≥0.2%, corresponding to an individual interacting with 9 other people in a day under Winter 2023-2024 Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant conditions with an average infection prevalence of 10%. For a 50-64-year-old, these cost-savings increase to $111-$1,278 and $119-$1,706, for someone without and with insurance, respectively. The risk threshold increases to ≥0.4% (interacting with 19 people/day), when the individual has 13.4% pre-existing protection against infection (e.g., vaccinated 9 months earlier).Conclusion There is both clinical and economic incentive for the individual to continue to get vaccinated against COVID-19 each year.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSantosa, Ailiana; Oras, Jonatan; Li, Huiqi; Nwaru, Chioma; Kirui, Brian; Nyberg, Fredrik
Critical Care Medicine, 5.04.2024
Tilføjet 5.04.2024
Objectives: Some studies have examined survival trends among critically ill COVID-19 patients, but most were case reports, small cohorts, and had relatively short follow-up periods. We aimed to examine the survival trend among critically ill COVID-19 patients during the first two and a half years of the pandemic and investigate potential predictors across different variants of concern periods. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: Swedish ICUs, between March 6, 2020, and December 31, 2022. Patients: Adult COVID-19 ICU patients of 18 years old or older from the Swedish Intensive Care Register (SIR) that were linked to multiple other national registers. Measurement and Main Results: Survival probability and predictors of COVID-19 death were estimated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis. Of 8975 patients, 2927 (32.6%) died. The survival rate among COVID-19 critically ill patients appears to have changed over time, with a worse survival in the Omicron period overall. The adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) comparing older and younger ages were consistently strong but slightly attenuated in the Omicron period. After adjustment, the aHR of death was significantly higher for men, older age (40+ yr), low income, and with comorbid chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, impaired immune disease, chronic renal disease, stroke, and cancer, and for those requiring invasive or noninvasive respiratory supports, who developed septic shock or had organ failures (p < 0.05). In contrast, foreign-born patients, those with booster vaccine, and those who had taken steroids had better survival (aHR = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80–0.95; 0.74, 0.65–0.84, and 0.91, 0.84–0.98, respectively). Observed associations were similar across different variant periods. Conclusions: In this nationwide Swedish cohort covering over two and a half years of the pandemic, ICU survival rates changed over time. Older age was a strong predictor across all periods. Furthermore, most other mortality predictors remained consistent across different variant periods.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMartin M Shafer, Max J Bobholz, William C Vuyk, Devon A Gregory, Adelaide Roguet, Luis A Haddock Soto, Clayton Rushford, Kayley H Janssen, Isla E Emmen, Hunter J Ries, Hannah E Pilch, Paige A Mullen, Rebecca B Fahney, Wanting Wei, Matthew Lambert, Jeff Wenzel, Peter Halfmann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Nancy A Wilson, Thomas C Friedrich, Ian W Pray, Ryan Westergaard, David H O’Connor, Marc C Johnson
The Lancet Microbe, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
We propose that prolonged detection of WI-CL-001 in wastewater indicates persistent shedding of SARS-CoV-2 from a single human initially infected by an ancestral B.1.234 virus. The accumulation of convergent omicron-like mutations in WI-CL-001’s ancestral B.1.234 genome probably reflects persistent infection and extensive within-host evolution. People who shed cryptic lineages could be an important source of highly divergent viruses that sporadically emerge and spread.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPriyo Budi Purwono, Vimvara Vacharathit, Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen, Natali Ludowyke, Ampa Suksatu, Arunee Thitithanyanont
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 4.04.2024
Tilføjet 4.04.2024
by Priyo Budi Purwono, Vimvara Vacharathit, Suwimon Manopwisedjaroen, Natali Ludowyke, Ampa Suksatu, Arunee Thitithanyanont The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has led to the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants as a result of continued host-virus interaction and viral genome mutations. These variants have been associated with varying levels of transmissibility and disease severity. We investigated the phenotypic profiles of six SARS-CoV-2 variants (WT, D614G, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) in Calu-3 cells, a human lung epithelial cell line. In our model demonstrated that all variants, except for Omicron, had higher efficiency in virus entry compared to the wild-type. The Delta variant had the greatest phenotypic advantage in terms of early infection kinetics and marked syncytia formation, which could facilitate cell-to-cell spreading, while the Omicron variant displayed slower replication and fewer syncytia formation. We also identified the Delta variant as the strongest inducer of inflammatory biomarkers, including pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (IP-10/CXCL10, TNF-α, and IL-6), anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-1RA), and growth factors (FGF-2 and VEGF-A), while these inflammatory mediators were not significantly elevated with Omicron infection. These findings are consistent with the observations that there was a generally more pronounced inflammatory response and angiogenesis activity within the lungs of COVID-19 patients as well as more severe symptoms and higher mortality rate during the Delta wave, as compared to less severe symptoms and lower mortality observed during the current Omicron wave in Thailand. Our findings suggest that early infectivity kinetics, enhanced syncytia formation, and specific inflammatory mediator production may serve as predictive indicators for the virulence potential of future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 30.03.2024
Tilføjet 30.03.2024
Abstract Background The prevalence and distinction between first Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reinfection with the Omicron variant among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Southern China. The study included 262 HCWs who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 between April and June 2023, with 101 cases of first infection and 161 ones of reinfection. Student’s t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U tests were used based on the distribution of quantitative variables. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used based on the expected frequencies of categorical variables. Results The reinfection rate among HCWs was 11.5% (161/1406). The majority of the infected HCWs were female (212/262, 80.9%, first infection vs. reinfection: 76.2% vs. 83.9%). The nursing staff, had the highest percentage of SARS-CoV-2 infection (42.0%), especially of its reinfection (47.8%). Out of the 262 infected individuals, 257 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, primarily inactivated vaccines (243/257, 91.1%). The first infection group, which received four doses (24, 23.8%), was significantly higher than that in the reinfection group (6, 3.7%) (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) have become widely utilized but longitudinal characterization of their community-based performance remains incompletely understood.Methods This prospective longitudinal study at a large public university in Seattle, WA utilized remote enrollment, online surveys, and self-collected nasal swab specimens to evaluate Ag-RDT performance against real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) in the context of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron. Ag-RDT sensitivity and specificity within 1 day of rRT-PCR were evaluated by symptom status throughout the illness episode and Orf1b cycle threshold (Ct).Results From February to December 2022, 5,757 participants reported 17,572 Ag-RDT results and completed 12,674 rRT-PCR tests, of which 995 (7.9%) were rRT-PCR-positive. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 53.0% (95% CI: 49.6–56.4%) and 98.8% (98.5–99.0%), respectively. Sensitivity was comparatively higher for Ag-RDTs used 1 day after rRT-PCR (69.0%), 4 to 7 days post-symptom onset (70.1%), and Orf1b Ct ≤20 (82.7%). Serial Ag-RDT sensitivity increased with repeat testing ≥2 (68.5%) and ≥4 (75.8%) days after an initial Ag-RDT-negative result.Conclusion Ag-RDT performance varied by clinical characteristics and temporal testing patterns. Our findings support recommendations for serial testing following an initial Ag-RDT-negative result, especially among recently symptomatic persons or those at high-risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 28.03.2024
Tilføjet 28.03.2024
Abstract Background The prevalence and distinction between first Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and reinfection with the Omicron variant among healthcare workers (HCWs) remain unclear. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at a hospital in Southern China. The study included 262 HCWs who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 between April and June 2023, with 101 cases of first infection and 161 ones of reinfection. Student’s t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and Mann-Whitney U tests were used based on the distribution of quantitative variables. Pearson’s chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used based on the expected frequencies of categorical variables. Results The reinfection rate among HCWs was 11.5% (161/1406). The majority of the infected HCWs were female (212/262, 80.9%, first infection vs. reinfection: 76.2% vs. 83.9%). The nursing staff, had the highest percentage of SARS-CoV-2 infection (42.0%), especially of its reinfection (47.8%). Out of the 262 infected individuals, 257 had received SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, primarily inactivated vaccines (243/257, 91.1%). The first infection group, which received four doses (24, 23.8%), was significantly higher than that in the reinfection group (6, 3.7%) (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 26.03.2024
Tilføjet 26.03.2024
Abstract Background Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is highly prevalent but its acute and chronic implications have been minimally described.Methods In this controlled case-ascertained household transmission study, we recruited asymptomatic children
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPaula Martínez de Aguirre, Silvia Carlos, Manuel Pina‐Sánchez, Samclide Mbikayi, Eduardo Burgueño, Céline Tendobi, Luis Chiva, África Holguín, Gabriel Reina
Journal of Medical Virology, 23.03.2024
Tilføjet 23.03.2024
Guanhua Zha, Zhiwei Chen, Na Wu, Tianquan Huang, Zhiling Deng, Dachuan Cai, Mingli Peng, Peng Hu, Hong Ren
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.03.2024
Tilføjet 22.03.2024
Abstract Background There is a significant increase in the number of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection reports in various countries. However, the trend of reinfection rate over time is not clear. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Wanfang for cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies up to March 16, 2023, to conduct a meta-analysis of global SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate. Subgroup analyses were performed for age, country, study type, and study population, and time-varying reinfection rates of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated using meta-regression. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Result A total of 55 studies involving 111,846 cases of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection were included. The pooled SARS-CoV-2 reinfection rate was 0.94% (95% CI: 0.65 -1.35%). In the subgroup analyses, there were statistically significant differences in the pooled reinfection rates by reinfection variant, and study type (P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLiuhai Zheng, Huifang Wang, Xueyan Liu, Chengchao Xu, Mingxiong Tian, Guangwei Shi, Chongzhi Bai, Zhijie Li, Jigang Wang, Shuwen Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
Avika Dixit, Richard Bennett, Kashif Ali, Carl Griffin, Robert A Clifford, Mark Turner, Rosanne Poston, Kelly Hautzinger, Anne Yeakey, Bethany Girard, Wen Zhou, Weiping Deng, Honghong Zhou, Sabine Schnyder Ghamloush, Barbara J Kuter, Karen Slobod, Jacqueline M Miller, Frances Priddy, Rituparna Das, ROVER Study Investigators
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20.03.2024
Tilføjet 20.03.2024
mRNA-1273.214 was immunogenic against BA.1 and D614G in children aged 6 months to 5 years, with a comparable safety profile to mRNA-1273, when given as a two-dose primary series or a booster dose. These results are aligned with the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommendations for the use of variant-containing vaccines for continued protection against the emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of the American Medical Association, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
Experts detected a strain of SARS-CoV-2 with more than 30 changes in its spike protein compared with Omicron subvariant XBB.1.5, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced. The newer Omicron subvariant, known as BA.2.87.1, has infected at least 9 people in South Africa since September 2023. No cases have been reported in the US or outside South Africa, the CDC noted in its update.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZheng Zhu, Shixiong Li, Junhao Fan, Shihao Shang, Yao Zhang, Qiong Zi, Jihao Zheng, Dongfang Wang, Xiaoli Mou, Kepu Liu, Maoxin Lv, Jianlin Yuan, Zhongfang Wang, Jingyou Yu
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
Hsiao-Hui Tsou, Fang-Jing Lee, Shiow-Ing Wu, Byron Fan, Hsiao-Yu Wu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ya-Ting Hsu, Chieh Cheng, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Wei-Ming Jiang, Hung-Yi Chiou, Wei J. Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Pau-Chung Chen, Huey-Kang Sytwu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Hsiao-Hui Tsou, Fang-Jing Lee, Shiow-Ing Wu, Byron Fan, Hsiao-Yu Wu, Yu-Hsuan Lin, Ya-Ting Hsu, Chieh Cheng, Yu-Chieh Cheng, Wei-Ming Jiang, Hung-Yi Chiou, Wei J. Chen, Chao A. Hsiung, Pau-Chung Chen, Huey-Kang Sytwu Background Taiwan was a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outlier, with an extraordinarily long transmission-free record: 253 days without locally transmitted infections while the rest of the world battled wave after wave of infection. The appearance of the alpha variant in May 2021, closely followed by the delta variant, disrupted this transmission-free streak. However, despite low vaccination coverage (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaja Stosic, Dragana Plavsa, Verica Jovanovic, Marko Veljkovic, Dragan Babic, Aleksandra Knezevic, Vladan Saponjic, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Miljan Rancic, Marija Milic, Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.03.2024
Tilføjet 19.03.2024
by Maja Stosic, Dragana Plavsa, Verica Jovanovic, Marko Veljkovic, Dragan Babic, Aleksandra Knezevic, Vladan Saponjic, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Miljan Rancic, Marija Milic, Tatjana Adzic-Vukicevic Severe acute respiratory infections (SARI) are estimated to be the cause of death in about 19% of all children younger than 5 years globally. The outbreak of coronaviral disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, increased considerably the burden of SARI worldwide. We used data from a vaccine effectiveness study to identify the factors associated with SARS CoV-2 infection among hospitalized SARI patients. We recruited SARI patients at 3 hospitals in Serbia from 7 April 2022–1 May 2023. We collected demographic and clinical data from patients using a structured questionnaire, and all SARI patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. We conducted an unmatched test negative case-control study. SARS-CoV-2 infected SARI patients were considered cases, while SARS CoV-2 negative SARI patients were controls. We conducted bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis in order to identify variables associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We included 110 SARI patients: 74 were cases and 36 controls. We identified 5 factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 positivity, age (OR = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01–1.07), having received primary COVID-19 vaccine series (OR = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.09–0.88), current smoking (OR = 8.64; 95% CI = 2.43–30.72), previous SARS CoV-2 infection (OR = 3.48; 95% CI = 1.50–8.11) and number of days before seeking medical help (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.64–1.02). In Serbia during a period of Omicron circulation, we found that older age, unvaccinated, hospitalized SARI patients, previously infected with SARS CoV-2 virus and those who smoked, were more likely to be SARS-CoV-2-positive; these patient populations should be prioritized for COVID vaccination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKyung-Shin Lee, Min Jin Go, Youn Young Choi, Min-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Seong, Ho Kyung Sung, Jaehyun Jeon, Hee-Chang Jang, Myoung-Hee Kim
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 15.03.2024
Tilføjet 15.03.2024
by Kyung-Shin Lee, Min Jin Go, Youn Young Choi, Min-Kyung Kim, Jaehyun Seong, Ho Kyung Sung, Jaehyun Jeon, Hee-Chang Jang, Myoung-Hee Kim Background This study evaluated the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Korea, and examined the relationship between severe COVID-19 cases and underlying health conditions during the Delta (September 20, 2021 to December 4, 2021) and the Omicron (February 20, 2022 to March 31, 2022) predominant period. Methods This study assessed the association between critical COVID-19 illness and various risk factors, including a variety of underlying health conditions, using multiple logistic regression models based on the K-COV-N cohort, a nationwide data of confirmed COVID-19 cases linked with COVID-19 vaccination status and the National Health Insurance claim information. Results We analyzed 137,532 and 8,294,249 cases of COVID-19 infection during the Delta and the Omicron variant dominant periods, respectively. During the Delta as well as the Omicron period, old age (≥80 years) showed the largest effect size among risk factors for critical COVID-19 illness (aOR = 18.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.71–22.23 for the Delta; aOR = 24.07; 95% CI = 19.03–30.44 for the Omicron period). We found that patients with solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, unvaccinated, and interstitial lung disease had more than a two-fold increased risk of critical COVID-19 outcomes between the Delta and Omicron periods. However, risk factors such as urban residence, underweight, and underlying medical conditions, including chronic cardiac diseases, immunodeficiency, and mental disorders, had different effects on the development of critical COVID-19 illness between the Delta and Omicron periods. Conclusion We found that the severity of COVID-19 infection was much higher for the Delta variant than for the Omicron. Although the Delta and the Omicron variant shared many risk factors for critical illness, several risk factors were found to have different effects on the development of critical COVID-19 illness between those two variants. Close monitoring of a wide range of risk factors for critical illness is warranted as new variants continue to emerge during the pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.03.2024
Tilføjet 8.03.2024
Abstract Background The latent and incubation periods characterize the transmission of infectious viruses and are the basis for the development of outbreak prevention and control strategies. However, systematic studies on the latent period and associated factors with the incubation period for SAS-CoV-2 variants are still lacking. We inferred the two durations of Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 cases and analyzed the associated factors. Methods The Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 (and its lineages BA.2.2 and BA.2.76) cases with clear transmission chains and infectors from 10 local SAS-CoV-2 epidemics in China were enrolled. The latent and incubation periods were fitted by the Gamma distribution, and associated factors were analyzed using the accelerated failure time model. Results The mean latent period for 672 Delta, 208 BA.1, and 677 BA.2 cases was 4.40 (95%CI: 4.24 ~ 4.63), 2.50 (95%CI: 2.27 ~ 2.76), and 2.58 (95%CI: 2.48 ~ 2.69) days, respectively, with 85.65% (95%CI: 83.40 ~ 87.77%), 97.80% (95%CI: 96.35 ~ 98.89%), and 98.87% (95%CI: 98.40 ~ 99.27%) of them starting to shed viruses within 7 days after exposure. In 405 Delta, 75 BA.1, and 345 BA.2 symptomatic cases, the mean latent period was 0.76, 1.07, and 0.79 days shorter than the mean incubation period [5.04 (95%CI: 4.83 ~ 5.33), 3.42 (95%CI: 3.00 ~ 3.89), and 3.39 (95%CI: 3.24 ~ 3.55) days], respectively. No significant difference was observed in the two durations between BA.1 and BA.2 cases. After controlling for the sex, clinical severity, vaccination history, number of infectors, the length of exposure window and shedding window, the latent period [Delta: exp(β) = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.66 ~ 0.98, p = 0.034; Omicron: exp(β) = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.71 ~ 0.94, p = 0.004] and incubation period [Delta: exp(β) = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.55 ~ 0.86, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
Abstract Background The latent and incubation periods characterize the transmission of infectious viruses and are the basis for the development of outbreak prevention and control strategies. However, systematic studies on the latent period and associated factors with the incubation period for SAS-CoV-2 variants are still lacking. We inferred the two durations of Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 cases and analyzed the associated factors. Methods The Delta, BA.1, and BA.2 (and its lineages BA.2.2 and BA.2.76) cases with clear transmission chains and infectors from 10 local SAS-CoV-2 epidemics in China were enrolled. The latent and incubation periods were fitted by the Gamma distribution, and associated factors were analyzed using the accelerated failure time model. Results The mean latent period for 672 Delta, 208 BA.1, and 677 BA.2 cases was 4.40 (95%CI: 4.24 ~ 4.63), 2.50 (95%CI: 2.27 ~ 2.76), and 2.58 (95%CI: 2.48 ~ 2.69) days, respectively, with 85.65% (95%CI: 83.40 ~ 87.77%), 97.80% (95%CI: 96.35 ~ 98.89%), and 98.87% (95%CI: 98.40 ~ 99.27%) of them starting to shed viruses within 7 days after exposure. In 405 Delta, 75 BA.1, and 345 BA.2 symptomatic cases, the mean latent period was 0.76, 1.07, and 0.79 days shorter than the mean incubation period [5.04 (95%CI: 4.83 ~ 5.33), 3.42 (95%CI: 3.00 ~ 3.89), and 3.39 (95%CI: 3.24 ~ 3.55) days], respectively. No significant difference was observed in the two durations between BA.1 and BA.2 cases. After controlling for the sex, clinical severity, vaccination history, number of infectors, the length of exposure window and shedding window, the latent period [Delta: exp(β) = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.66 ~ 0.98, p = 0.034; Omicron: exp(β) = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.71 ~ 0.94, p = 0.004] and incubation period [Delta: exp(β) = 0.69, 95%CI: 0.55 ~ 0.86, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChijioke Bennett, Wayne Woo, Mark Bloch, King Cheung, Paul Griffin, Rahul Mohan, Sachin Deshmukh, Mark Arya, Oscar Cumming, A Munro Neville, Toni G McCallum Pardey, Joyce S Plested, Shane Cloney-Clark, Mingzhu Zhu, Raj Kalkeri, Nita Patel, Alex Marcheschi, Jennifer Swan, Gale Smith, Iksung Cho, Gregory M Glenn, Robert Walker, Raburn M Mallory, Novavax 2019nCoV-311 Study Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
All three coprimary endpoints were met in part 2 of the ongoing 2019nCoV-311 study. These data support the development of monovalent and/or bivalent vaccines for the most currently circulating variants, to optimise protection. With no new safety findings, further investigation of omicron-based subvariant vaccines is supported by the evidence.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMamadou Saliou Sow, Josue Togo, Lacy M. Simons, Souleymane Taran Diallo, Mohamed Lamine Magassouba, Mamadou Bhoye Keita, Anou Moise Somboro, Youssouf Coulibaly, Egon A. Ozer, Judd F. Hultquist, Robert Leo Murphy, Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga, Mamoudou Maiga, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.03.2024
Tilføjet 7.03.2024
by Mamadou Saliou Sow, Josue Togo, Lacy M. Simons, Souleymane Taran Diallo, Mohamed Lamine Magassouba, Mamadou Bhoye Keita, Anou Moise Somboro, Youssouf Coulibaly, Egon A. Ozer, Judd F. Hultquist, Robert Leo Murphy, Almoustapha Issiaka Maiga, Mamoudou Maiga, Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo SARS-CoV-2 has claimed several million lives since its emergence in late 2019. The ongoing evolution of the virus has resulted in the periodic emergence of new viral variants with distinct fitness advantages, including enhanced transmission and immune escape. While several SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern trace their origins back to the African continent—including Beta, Eta, and Omicron–most countries in Africa remain under-sampled in global genomic surveillance efforts. In an effort to begin filling these knowledge gaps, we conducted retrospective viral genomic surveillance in Guinea from October 2020 to August 2021. We found that SARS-CoV-2 clades 20A, 20B, and 20C dominated throughout 2020 until the coincident emergence of the Alpha and Eta variants of concern in January 2021. The Alpha variant remained dominant throughout early 2021 until the arrival of the Delta variant in July. Surprisingly, despite the small sample size of our study, we also found the persistence of the early SARS-CoV-2 clade 19B as late as April 2021. Together, these data help fill in our understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 population dynamics in West Africa early in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
Abstract Detecting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfections is challenging with current serology assays and is further complicated by the marked decrease in routine viral testing practices as viral transmission increased during Omicron. Here, we provide proof-of-principle that high-avidity anti-nucleocapsid (N) antibodies detects reinfections after a single infection with higher specificity (85%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 80%–90%) compared to anti-N antibody levels (72%; 95% CI, 66%–79%) in a vaccinated cohort. This method could be used to retroactively investigate the epidemiology and incremental long-term health consequences of SARS-CoV-2 reinfections.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
Abstract Background Immunocompromised patients (ICPs) have an increased risk for a severe and prolonged COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were extensively used in these patients, but data from randomized trials that focus on ICPs are lacking. We evaluated the clinical and virological outcome of COVID-19 in ICPs treated with mAbs across SARS-CoV-2 variants.Methods In this multicenter prospective cohort study, we enrolled B-cell– and/or T-cell–deficient patients treated with casirivimab/imdevimab, sotrovimab, or tixagevimab/cilgavimab. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was quantified and sequenced weekly, and time to viral clearance, viral genome mutations, hospitalization, and death rates were registered.Results Two hundred and forty five patients infected with the Delta (50%) or Omicron BA.1, 2, or 5 (50%) variant were enrolled. Sixty-seven percent were vaccinated; 78 treated as outpatients, of whom 2 required hospital admission, but both survived. Of the 159 patients hospitalized at time of treatment, 43 (27%) required mechanical ventilation or died. The median time to viral clearance was 14 days (interquartile range, 7–22); however, it took >30 days in 15%. Resistance-associated spike mutations emerged in 9 patients in whom the median time to viral clearance was 63 days (95% confidence interval, 57–69; P < .001). Spike mutations were observed in 1 of 42 (2.4%) patients after treatment with 2 active mAbs, in 5 of 34 (14.7%) treated with actual monotherapy (sotrovimab), and 3 of 20 (12%) treated with functional monotherapy (ie, tixagevimab/cilgavimab against tixagevimab-resistant variant).Conclusions Despite treatment with mAbs, morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 in ICPs remained substantial. Combination antiviral therapy should be further explored and may be preferred in severely ICPs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZoe Raglow, Diya Surie, James D Chappell, Yuwei Zhu, Emily T Martin, Jennie H Kwon, Anne E Frosch, Amira Mohamed, Julie Gilbert, Emily E Bendall, Auden Bahr, Natasha Halasa, H Keipp Talbot, Carlos G Grijalva, Adrienne Baughman, Kelsey N Womack, Cassandra Johnson, Sydney A Swan, Emilia Koumans, Meredith L McMorrow, Jennifer L Harcourt, Lydia J Atherton, Ashley Burroughs, Natalie J Thornburg, Wesley H Self, Adam S Lauring, Investigating Respiratory Viruses in the Acutely Ill (IVY) Network
The Lancet Microbe, 6.03.2024
Tilføjet 6.03.2024
In this cohort, prolonged replication-competent omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections were uncommon. Within-host evolutionary rates were similar across patients, but individuals with infections lasting longer than 56 days accumulated spike mutations, which were distinct from those seen globally. Populations at high risk should be targeted for repeated testing and treatment and monitored for the emergence of antiviral resistance.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNa Wu, Zhiwei Chen, Guanhua Zha, Zhiling Deng, Wenhan Huang, Dachuan Cai, Mingli Peng, Peng Hu, Lin Tang, Hong Ren
Journal of Medical Virology, 5.03.2024
Tilføjet 5.03.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 2.03.2024
Tilføjet 2.03.2024
Abstract Background Hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) or chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy recipients have high morbidity from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There are limited data on outcomes from SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly before cellular therapy and uncertainty whether to delay therapy.Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection within 90 days prior to HCT or CAR-T therapy between January 2020 and November 2022. We characterized the kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 detection, clinical outcomes following cellular therapy, and impact on delays in cellular therapy.Results We identified 37 patients (n=15 allogeneic HCT, n=11 autologous HCT, n=11 CAR-T therapy) with SARS-CoV-2 infections within 90 days of cellular therapy. Most infections (73%) occurred between March and November 2022, when Omicron strains were prevalent. Most patients had asymptomatic (27%) or mild (68%) coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-CoV-2 positivity lasted a median of 20.0 days [IQR, 12.5-26.25]. The median time from first positive SARS-CoV-2 test to cellular therapy was 45 days [IQR, 37.75-70]; one patient tested positive on the day of infusion. After cellular therapy, no patients had recrudescent SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19-related complications. Cellular therapy delays related to SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in 70% of patients for a median of 37 days. Delays were more common after allogeneic (73%) and autologous (91%) HCT compared to CAR-T cell therapy (45%).Conclusions Patients with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 may not require prolonged delays in cellular therapy in the context of contemporary circulating variants and availability of antiviral therapies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNaru Zhang, Zihui Ye, Cun Li, Jie Zhou, Wei Xue, Luying Xiang, Yuewen Chen, Shuchang Chen, Rouhan Ye, Jingyin Dong, Jie Zhou, Shibo Jiang, Haijun Han
Journal of Medical Virology, 1.03.2024
Tilføjet 1.03.2024
Infectious Disease Modelling, 29.02.2024
Tilføjet 29.02.2024
Publication date: Available online 28 February 2024 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Hengcong Liu, Jun Cai, Jiaxin Zhou, Xiangyanyu Xu, Marco Ajelli, Hongjie Yu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMarek Petráš, Daniela Janovská, Danuše Lomozová, Martina Franklová, Pavel Dlouhý, Jozef Rosina, Ivana Králová Lesná
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 26.02.2024
Tilføjet 26.02.2024
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic necessitated the implementation of specific measures to minimize its impact on global public health. Non-pharmaceutical precautions played a crucial role in preventing the massive spread of SARS-CoV-2.[1] However, it was widely recognized that only widespread and global vaccination could effectively bring the virus under control.[2] The rapid development of various types of vaccines, supported by numerous countries and international organizations, was successfully completed within less than a year, enabling the commencement of widespread vaccination of the world\'s population in December 2020.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedShishi Wu, Yanhong Li, Stefan Baral, Sharmistha Mishra, Maria Koh, Haley Golding, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Xiaolin Wei
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 24.02.2024
Tilføjet 24.02.2024
by Shishi Wu, Yanhong Li, Stefan Baral, Sharmistha Mishra, Maria Koh, Haley Golding, Jeffrey C. Kwong, Xiaolin Wei Background Evidence on protection of different patterns of infection- and vaccine-acquired immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness is useful in planning booster vaccination strategies. We examined protection of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, a third or a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose, and hybrid immunity against Omicron-associated severe illness. Methods and findings This population-based cohort study followed five million individuals with at least one SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test before November 21, 2021 until an Omicron-associatedhospitalization or death. We used Cox regression models to estimate risks of Omicron-associated hospitalization and a composite severe outcome (hospitalized and death), among individuals with infection- and/or vaccination-acquired immunity. Individuals who were unvaccinated and had no history of a prior infection severed as the reference group. Both adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding protection (one minus adjusted HR), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were reported. Three doses provided 94% (95%CI 93–95) and 93% (95%CI 91–94) protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization at 2–3 and ≥3 months post-vaccination respectively, similar to the protection conferred by three doses and a prior infection (2–3 months: 99%, 95%CI 97–100; ≥3 months: 97%, 95%CI 92–99) and four doses (1 month: 87%, 95%CI 79–92; 1–2 months: 96%, 95%CI 92–98). In individuals ≥65 years old, protection of four doses increased to 95% (95%CI 91–98) at 1–2 months, significantly higher than that of three doses over the follow-up period. Similar results were observed with the composite severe outcome. Conclusion At least three antigenic exposures, achieved by vaccination or infection, confers significant protection against Omicron-associated hospitalization and death in all age groups. Our findings support a third dose for the overall population, regardless of prior infection status, and a fourth dose for the elderly to maintain high level of immunity and substantially reduce risk of severe illness at individual level.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 23.02.2024
Tilføjet 23.02.2024
Abstract Background We assessed associations between binding antibody (bAb) concentration
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Abstract Background In November 2021, the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in South Africa and subsequently rapidly spread around the world. Despite the reduced severity of the omicron variants, many patients become severely ill after infection and undergo invasive mechanical ventilation, but there are few reports on their background and prognosis throughout all variant periods. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors affecting patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation with each variant of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan from nonvariants to omicron variants. Method This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital and Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan, from March 2020 to March 2023. Eligible patients were those who underwent invasive ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia. We set the primary endpoint as in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for clinically important variables was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Results We included 377 patients: 118 in the Nonvariant group, 154 in the Alpha group, 42 in the Delta group, and 63 patients in the Omicron group. Mortality rates for each group were 23.7% for the Nonvariant group, 12.3% for the Alpha group, 7.1% for the Delta group, and 30.5% for the Omicron group. Patient age was significantly associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.097; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.057–0.138, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJiadi Gan, Huohuo Zhang, Jiaxuan Wu, Yi Liu, Pingping Liu, Ruixin Cheng, Xiumei Tang, Linhui Yang, Wenxin Luo, Weimin Li
Journal of Medical Virology, 22.02.2024
Tilføjet 22.02.2024
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
To the Editor— From early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, it became evident that the natural disease course undergoes different stages, from an initial mild viral phase to a more severe inflammatory phase and ultimately to a critical thromboinflammatory phase, often corresponding to acute respiratory distress syndrome in hospitalized patients. Most treatment guidelines have kept these disease stages in their algorithms, generally recommending early antiviral treatment for the mild to moderate disease, and immunomodulatory treatment for severe to critical disease [1]. However, as the virus has changed from pre-omicron to omicron variants, and the target population from immunologically naive to mostly vaccinated or recovered, these phases are less distinct [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSien Ombelet, Diego Castanares‐Zapatero, Fabian Desimpel, Frank Hulstaert, Sabine Stordeur, Dominique Roberfroid
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
BMC Infectious Diseases, 21.02.2024
Tilføjet 21.02.2024
Abstract Background In November 2021, the B.1.1.529 (omicron) variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detected in South Africa and subsequently rapidly spread around the world. Despite the reduced severity of the omicron variants, many patients become severely ill after infection and undergo invasive mechanical ventilation, but there are few reports on their background and prognosis throughout all variant periods. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors affecting patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation with each variant of COVID-19 pandemic in Japan from nonvariants to omicron variants. Method This retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Kansai Medical University Hospital and Kansai Medical University Medical Center, Osaka, Japan, from March 2020 to March 2023. Eligible patients were those who underwent invasive ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia. We set the primary endpoint as in-hospital mortality. Multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for clinically important variables was performed to evaluate the clinical outcomes. Results We included 377 patients: 118 in the Nonvariant group, 154 in the Alpha group, 42 in the Delta group, and 63 patients in the Omicron group. Mortality rates for each group were 23.7% for the Nonvariant group, 12.3% for the Alpha group, 7.1% for the Delta group, and 30.5% for the Omicron group. Patient age was significantly associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.097; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.057–0.138, P
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 20.02.2024
Tilføjet 20.02.2024
Abstract The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) resulted from an infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) which is the main cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in global population from 2019 on. It may contribute to higher rate of death among the patients with immunodeficiency based on recent reports. In addition, Good syndrome (GS) as a result of thymoma removal might cause in some long-lasting microbial infections. We described clinical aspects and viral mutations on a case of GS suffering from COVID-19. A 46-year-old man with fever, common respiratory disease symptoms and positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, with the history of thymoma removal surgery was admitted to Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Lung radiographs and oxygen saturation measurement disclosed considerable implication resulted in application of several anti-microbial medication. The delta variant (B.1.617.2 (21 J Clade)) was the strain isolated from the patient by sequencing methods done by the COVID-19 National Reference Laboratory (CNRL), Pasteur Institute of Iran, while the dominant strain circulated mostly among population was Omicron (B.1.1.529) at the time of sampling. Unfortunately, the patient had passed away a month later by sudden respiratory failure progressed in refractory septic shock. Despite the fact that opportunistic infections may lead the GS patients to a major health problematic condition, unusual persistent of infections such as non-dominant variant of SARS-Cov-2 could be observed through the disease timeline. Therefore, a fully screening of thymoma plus intra-host evolution monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 is highly recommended in immunocompromised patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.02.2024
Tilføjet 17.02.2024
Abstract Background Fear of a global public health issue and fresh infection wave in the persistent COVID-19 pandemic has been enflamed by the appearance of the novel variant Omicron BF.7 lineage. Recently, it has been seeing the novel Omicron subtype BF.7 lineage has sprawled exponentially in Hohhot. More than anything, risk stratification is significant to ascertain patients infected with COVID-19 who the most need in-hospital or in-home management. The study intends to understand the clinical severity and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 Omicron subvariant BF.7. lineage via gathering and analyzing the cases with Omicron subvariant in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. Methods Based upon this, we linked variant Omicron BF.7 individual-level information including sex, age, symptom, underlying conditions and vaccination record. Further, we divided the cases into various groups and assessed the severity of patients according to the symptoms of patients with COVID-19. Clinical indicators and data might help to predict disadvantage outcomes and progression among Omicron BF.7 patients. Results In this study, in patients with severe symptoms, some indicators from real world data such as white blood cells, AST, ALT and CRE in patients with Omicron BF.7 in severe symptoms were significantly higher than mild and asymptomatic patients, while some indicators were significantly lower. Conclusions Above results suggested that the indicators were associated with ponderance of clinical symptoms. Our survey emphasized the value of timely investigations of clinical data obtained by systemic study to acquire detailed information.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 17.02.2024
Tilføjet 17.02.2024
Abstract Background Omicron has become the dominant variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since first reported in November 2021. From the initially detected Wuhan lineage, sublineages BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BQ, XAG, and XBB have emerged over time and are dominant in many countries. Therefore, the aim is to evaluate which variants are circulating and the clinical characteristics of inpatients infected with the Omicron variant. Methods This retrospective cohort study selected hospitalized patients admitted with respiratory symptoms to a hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between June and July 2022. SARS-CoV-2 results were analyzed together with clinical outcomes and vaccination status. A viral genome library was prepared and forwarded to the Illumina MiSeq Platform for sequencing. Results In total, 37 genomes were sequenced. Concerning the Omicron sublineages, our study detected: BA.1 (21 K), BA.2 (21 L), BA.4 (22A), BA.5 (22B), BA.2.12.1 (22C), BQ.1 (22E), XBB (22F), and XAG recombinant. Omicron BA.5 (30%), BA.2 (19%), and BQ.1 (19%) were the most frequent sublineages, respectively. In total, 38% of patients present hypertension, and the most common symptoms were coughing (62%). Analyzing the COVID-19 vaccination, 30% of patients were fully vaccinated, 49% had a partial vaccination status, and 21% were unvaccinated (no dose). Conclusions BA.5 was the most prevalent sublineage in our study and surpassed the predominance of BA.2, as reported by the national genomic surveillance program. BQ.1 was diagnosed earlier in this study than it was officially reported in the state. Current data have demonstrated that the Omicron variant causes less severe infections, with the high rate of transmissibility and mutational landscape causing the rapid emergence of new sublineages.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Purpose Anti SARS-CoV-2 vaccination initially showed high effectiveness in preventing COVID-19. However, after the surge of variants of concern, the effectiveness dropped. Several studies investigated if this was related to the decrease of the humoral response over time; however, this issue is still unclear. The aim of this study was to understand whether SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG levels can be used to predict breakthrough infection risk and define the timing for further booster doses administration. Method Within the framework of the ORCHESTRA Project, over 20,000 health workers from 11 European centers were enrolled since December 2020. We performed two Cox proportional hazards survival analyses regarding pre-Omicron (from January to July 2021) and Omicron (December 2021–May 2022) periods. The serological response was classified as high (above the 75th percentile), medium (25th-75th), or low (
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2024
Tilføjet 16.02.2024
Abstract Background Fear of a global public health issue and fresh infection wave in the persistent COVID-19 pandemic has been enflamed by the appearance of the novel variant Omicron BF.7 lineage. Recently, it has been seeing the novel Omicron subtype BF.7 lineage has sprawled exponentially in Hohhot. More than anything, risk stratification is significant to ascertain patients infected with COVID-19 who the most need in-hospital or in-home management. The study intends to understand the clinical severity and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 Omicron subvariant BF.7. lineage via gathering and analyzing the cases with Omicron subvariant in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. Methods Based upon this, we linked variant Omicron BF.7 individual-level information including sex, age, symptom, underlying conditions and vaccination record. Further, we divided the cases into various groups and assessed the severity of patients according to the symptoms of patients with COVID-19. Clinical indicators and data might help to predict disadvantage outcomes and progression among Omicron BF.7 patients. Results In this study, in patients with severe symptoms, some indicators from real world data such as white blood cells, AST, ALT and CRE in patients with Omicron BF.7 in severe symptoms were significantly higher than mild and asymptomatic patients, while some indicators were significantly lower. Conclusions Above results suggested that the indicators were associated with ponderance of clinical symptoms. Our survey emphasized the value of timely investigations of clinical data obtained by systemic study to acquire detailed information.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 14.02.2024
Tilføjet 14.02.2024
Abstract Background Omicron has become the dominant variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) since first reported in November 2021. From the initially detected Wuhan lineage, sublineages BA.2, BA.4, BA.5, BQ, XAG, and XBB have emerged over time and are dominant in many countries. Therefore, the aim is to evaluate which variants are circulating and the clinical characteristics of inpatients infected with the Omicron variant. Methods This retrospective cohort study selected hospitalized patients admitted with respiratory symptoms to a hospital in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, between June and July 2022. SARS-CoV-2 results were analyzed together with clinical outcomes and vaccination status. A viral genome library was prepared and forwarded to the Illumina MiSeq Platform for sequencing. Results In total, 37 genomes were sequenced. Concerning the Omicron sublineages, our study detected: BA.1 (21 K), BA.2 (21 L), BA.4 (22A), BA.5 (22B), BA.2.12.1 (22C), BQ.1 (22E), XBB (22F), and XAG recombinant. Omicron BA.5 (30%), BA.2 (19%), and BQ.1 (19%) were the most frequent sublineages, respectively. In total, 38% of patients present hypertension, and the most common symptoms were coughing (62%). Analyzing the COVID-19 vaccination, 30% of patients were fully vaccinated, 49% had a partial vaccination status, and 21% were unvaccinated (no dose). Conclusions BA.5 was the most prevalent sublineage in our study and surpassed the predominance of BA.2, as reported by the national genomic surveillance program. BQ.1 was diagnosed earlier in this study than it was officially reported in the state. Current data have demonstrated that the Omicron variant causes less severe infections, with the high rate of transmissibility and mutational landscape causing the rapid emergence of new sublineages.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMed