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Victor Eiferman, Guillaume Le Guenno, Nathalie Boiret-Dupré, Bertrand Barres, Léa Luciani, Pierre Edouard Fournier
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 4.05.2022
Tilføjet 4.05.2022
Breanna M. Scorza, Kurayi G. Mahachi, Arin D. Cox, Angela J. Toepp, Danielle Pessoa-Pereira, Phyllis Tyrrell, Jesse Buch, Jennifer A. Foltz, Dean Lee, Christine A. Petersen aDepartment of Epidemiology, University of Iowagrid.214572.7, Iowa City, Iowa, USA bIDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, Maine, USA cDivision of Hematology and Oncology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA, De'Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 13.04.2022
Tilføjet 13.04.2022
Ariane Dumas, Catherine Bouchard, Antonia Dibernardo, Pierre Drapeau, L. Robbin Lindsay, Nicholas H. Ogden, Patrick A. Leighton
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 7.04.2022
Tilføjet 7.04.2022
by Ariane Dumas, Catherine Bouchard, Antonia Dibernardo, Pierre Drapeau, L. Robbin Lindsay, Nicholas H. Ogden, Patrick A. Leighton
Ixodes scapularis ticks are expanding their range in parts of northeastern North America, bringing with them pathogens of public health concern. While rodents like the white-footed mouse, Peromyscus leucopus, are considered the primary reservoir of many emerging tick-borne pathogens, the contribution of birds, as alternative hosts and reservoirs, to local transmission cycles has not yet been firmly established. From 2016 to 2018, we collected host-seeking ticks and examined rodent and bird hosts for ticks at 48 sites in a park where blacklegged ticks are established in Quebec, Canada, in order to characterize the distribution of pathogens in ticks and mammalian and avian hosts. We found nearly one third of captured birds (n = 849) and 70% of small mammals (n = 694) were infested with I. scapularis. Five bird and three mammal species transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi to feeding larvae (n larvae tested = 2257) and we estimated that about one fifth of the B. burgdorferi-infected questing nymphs in the park acquired their infection from birds, the remaining being attributable to mice. Ground-foraging bird species were more parasitized than other birds, and species that inhabited open habitat were more frequently infested and were more likely to transmit B. burgdorferi to larval ticks feeding upon them. Female birds were more likely to transmit infection than males, without age differentiation, whereas in mice, adult males were more likely to transmit infection than juveniles and females. We also detected Borrelia miyamotoi in larvae collected from birds, and Anaplasma phagocytophilum from a larva collected from a white-footed mouse. This study highlights the importance of characterising the reservoir potential of alternative reservoir hosts and to quantify their contribution to transmission dynamics in different species assemblages. This information is key to identifying the most effective host-targeted risk mitigation actions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRashaun Potts, Jamie L. Scholl, Lee A. Baugh, Jose E. Pietri aUniversity of South Dakotagrid.267169.d, Sanford School of Medicine, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Vermillion, South Dakota, USA, De’Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 6.04.2022
Tilføjet 6.04.2022
F.R. van de Schoor H.D. Vrijmoeth M.A.E. Brouwer H.J.M. ter Hofstede H.L.M. Lemmers H. Dijkstra C.K. Boahen M. Oosting B.J. Kullberg J.W. Hovius C.C. van den Wijngaard F.L. van de Veerdonk M.G. Netea L.A.B. Joosten 1Radboudumc, Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases (RCI) and Radboud Institute of Health Sciences (RIHS), P.O. Box 9101 (6500 HB), Nijmegen, The Netherlands 2Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam Institute of Infection and Immunology, P.O. Box 22660 (1100 DD), Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center of Infectious Disease Control, P.O. Box 1 (3720 BA), Bilthoven, The Netherlands 4Department of Immunology and Metabolism, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Germany
Infection and Immunity, 7.02.2022
Tilføjet 8.02.2022
Infection and Immunity, <a href='https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja'>Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmerican Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 5.01.2022
Tilføjet 5.01.2022
Journal Name: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and HygieneVolume: 106Issue: 1Pages: 45-46
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Arnaboldi P, D’Arco C, Hefter Y, et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 27.05.2021
Tilføjet 20.10.2021
AbstractBackgroundQuantiFERON enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA; Qiagen) with Borrelia burgdorferi peptide antigens was previously shown to reliably detect interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in blood samples from adult patients with early Lyme disease and the response disappeared rapidly after treatment. We evaluated the response before and after appropriate antibiotic therapy in adolescent and adult subjects with more diverse stages of the illness.MethodsBlood was obtained from patients with clinician-identified Lyme disease with constitutional complaints, erythema migrans, nerve palsy, cardiac abnormality, or arthritis before (n = 68) and 6 weeks (n = 46) and 6 months (n = 45) after therapy. The sera were tested for Lyme disease by standard 2-tiered testing (STTT) and anti–C6 antibodies by ELISA and the levels of IFN-γ in the blood samples were detected by QuantiFERON ELISA.ResultsA positive STTT result supported the clinical diagnosis of 37 (54%) subjects and anti-C6 antibodies were detected in 45 (66%) subjects, including 36 (97%) STTT-positive subjects, and the responses often persisted or expanded after antibiotic therapy. IFN-γ was detected in 49 (72%) subjects prior to treatment and the response most often significantly decreased 6 weeks (P = .007) or 6 months (P = .001) after treatment.ConclusionsThe QuantiFERON ELISA reliably detected IFN-γ in blood samples from adult and adolescent patients with varying stages of Lyme disease and the response disappeared rapidly after treatment. Additional studies to more critically evaluate clinical utility as a laboratory test for diagnosis and confirmation of effective therapy are warranted.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.10.2021
Tilføjet 13.10.2021
Abstract
Background
Erythema migrans (EM) is the most common manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. Here, we examined EM patients in Norwegian general practice to find the proportion exposed to tick-transmitted microorganisms other than Borrelia, and the impact of co-infection on the clinical manifestations and disease duration.
Methods
Skin biopsies from 139/188 EM patients were analyzed using PCR for Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. Follow-up sera from 135/188 patients were analyzed for spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia, A. phagocytophilum and Babesia microti antibodies, and tested with PCR if positive. Day 0 sera from patients with fever (8/188) or EM duration of ≥ 21 days (69/188) were analyzed, using PCR, for A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp. and N. mikurensis. Day 14 sera were tested for TBEV IgG.
Results
We detected no microorganisms in the skin biopsies nor in the sera of patients with fever or prolonged EM duration. Serological signs of exposure against SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum were detected in 11/135 and 8/135, respectively. Three patients exhibited both SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum antibodies, albeit negative PCR. No antibodies were detected against B. microti. 2/187 had TBEV antibodies without prior immunization. There was no significant increase in clinical symptoms or disease duration in patients with possible co-infection.
Conclusions
Co-infection with N. mikurensis, A. phagocytophilum, SFG Rickettsia, Babesia spp. and TBEV is uncommon in Norwegian EM patients. Despite detecting antibodies against SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum in some patients, no clinical implications could be demonstrated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 8.10.2021
Tilføjet 9.10.2021
Abstract
Background
Erythema migrans (EM) is the most common manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. Here, we examined EM patients in Norwegian general practice to find the proportion exposed to tick-transmitted microorganisms other than Borrelia, and the impact of co-infection on the clinical manifestations and disease duration.
Methods
Skin biopsies from 139/188 EM patients were analyzed using PCR for Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Rickettsia spp., Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Babesia spp. Follow-up sera from 135/188 patients were analyzed for spotted fever group (SFG) Rickettsia, A. phagocytophilum and Babesia microti antibodies, and tested with PCR if positive. Day 0 sera from patients with fever (8/188) or EM duration of ≥ 21 days (69/188) were analyzed, using PCR, for A. phagocytophilum, Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp. and N. mikurensis. Day 14 sera were tested for TBEV IgG.
Results
We detected no microorganisms in the skin biopsies nor in the sera of patients with fever or prolonged EM duration. Serological signs of exposure against SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum were detected in 11/135 and 8/135, respectively. Three patients exhibited both SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum antibodies, albeit negative PCR. No antibodies were detected against B. microti. 2/187 had TBEV antibodies without prior immunization. There was no significant increase in clinical symptoms or disease duration in patients with possible co-infection.
Conclusions
Co-infection with N. mikurensis, A. phagocytophilum, SFG Rickettsia, Babesia spp. and TBEV is uncommon in Norwegian EM patients. Despite detecting antibodies against SFG Rickettsia and A. phagocytophilum in some patients, no clinical implications could be demonstrated.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAvellan S, Bremell D.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 27.04.2021
Tilføjet 6.10.2021
AbstractBackgroundLyme neuroborreliosis peripheral facial palsy (LNB PFP) and idiopathic PFP, Bell’s palsy (BP), are the most common causes of facial palsy in borrelia-endemic areas and are clinically similar. Early treatment with corticosteroids has been shown to be effective in Bell’s palsy, and antibiotics improve the outcome in LNB. However, there is a lack of knowledge on how the addition of corticosteroids to standard antibiotic treatment affects the outcome in LNB PFP.MethodsThis prospective, open trial with historical controls was conducted at 2 large hospitals in western Sweden between 2011 and 2018. Adults who presented with LNB PFP were included in the study group and were treated with oral doxycycline 200 mg twice daily for 10 days and prednisolone 60 mg once daily for 5 days, then tapered over 5 days. The historical controls were adult patients with LNB PFP included in previous studies and treated with oral doxycycline. Both groups underwent a follow-up lumbar puncture and were followed until complete recovery or for 12 months.ResultsFifty-seven patients were included, 27 in the study group and 30 in the control group. Two patients (7%) in the study group and 6 patients (20%) in the control group suffered from sequelae at the end follow-up. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups, either in the proportion of patients with sequelae or in the decline in cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cell count.ConclusionsAdjunctive corticosteroids neither improve nor impair the outcome for patients with LNB PFP treated with doxycycline.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRichard Porwancher, Lisa Landsberg
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 9.09.2021
Tilføjet 9.09.2021
by Richard Porwancher, Lisa Landsberg
Multiple different recombinant and peptide antigens are now available for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease (LD), but optimizing test utilization remains challenging. Since 1995 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended a 2-tiered serologic approach consisting of a first-tier whole-cell enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for polyvalent antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi followed by confirmation of positive or equivocal results by IgG and IgM immunoblots [standard 2-tiered (STT) approach]. Newer modified 2-tiered (MTT) approaches employ a second-tier EIA to detect antibodies to B. burgdorferi rather than immunoblotting. We applied modern bioinformatic techniques to a large public database of recombinant and peptide antigen-based immunoassays to improve testing strategy. A retrospective CDC collection of 280 LD samples and 559 controls had been tested using the STT approach as well as kinetic-EIAs for VlsE1-IgG, C6-IgG, VlsE1-IgM, and pepC10-IgM antibodies. When used individually, the cutoff for each kinetic-EIA was set to generate 99% specificity. Utilizing logistic-likelihood regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) techniques we determined that VlsE1-IgG, C6-IgG, and pepC10-IgM antibodies each contributed significant diagnostic information; a single-tier diagnostic score (DS) was generated for each sample using a weighted linear combination of antibody levels to these 3 antigens. DS performance was then compared to the STT and to MTT models employing different combinations of kinetic-EIAs. After setting the DS cutoff to match STT specificity (99%), the DS was 22.5% more sensitive than the STT for early-acute-phase disease (95% CI: 11.8% to 32.2%), 16.0% more sensitive for early-convalescent-phase disease (95% CI: 7.2% to 24.7%), and equivalent for detection of disseminated infection. The DS was also significantly more sensitive for early-acute-phase LD than MTT models whose specificity met or exceeded 99%. Prospective validation of this single-tier diagnostic score for Lyme disease will require larger studies using a broader range of potential cross-reacting conditions.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBobbi S. Pritt, Emily C. Fernholz, Adam J. Replogle, Luke C. Kingry, Michael P. Sciotto, Jeannine M. Petersen
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 26.07.2021
Tilføjet 27.07.2021
A previously healthy 42-year-old male from the upper Midwestern United States presented with a 1-day history of fever, fatigue, headache, myalgias, and arthralgias. He reported removing a “wood tick” the day of admission. His temperature was 38.4°C. No swollen joints, rash, or neurological abnormalities were noted on physical examination.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGeorge F. Aranjuez Amanda G. Lasseter Mollie W. Jewett Division of Immunity and Pathogenesis, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida 32827 USA.
Infection and Immunity, 28.06.2021
Tilføjet 29.06.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClay D. Jackson-Litteken, C. Tyler Ratliff, Alexander R. Kneubehl, Cheta Siletti, Lindsay Pack, Renny Lan, TuAnh N. Huynh, Job E. Lopez, Jon S. Blevins aDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA bSection of Tropical Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA cFood Science Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA dArkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA, De'Broski R. Herbert
Infection and Immunity, 17.05.2021
Tilføjet 12.06.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/89/6">Volume 89, Issue 6</a>, May 2021.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedArtem S. Rogovskyy , Yuliya V. Rogovska , Brianne M. Taylor , Dominique J. Wiener , David W. Threadgill 1Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States of America 2Texas A&M Institute for Genomics Sciences and Society, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, United States of America 3Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, United States of America
Infection and Immunity, 19.04.2021
Tilføjet 12.06.2021
Infection and Immunity, <a href="https://journals.asm.org/toc/iai/0/ja">Volume 0, Issue ja</a>, -Not available-.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLucy D. Guarnieri, Sara E. McBride, Eleanor Groden, Allison M. Gardner
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 10.05.2021
Tilføjet 10.05.2021
by Lucy D. Guarnieri, Sara E. McBride, Eleanor Groden, Allison M. Gardner
The blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) and the invasive European fire ant (Myrmica rubra) are both expanding throughout their sympatric range in coastal New England. Ixodes scapularis is the primary vector of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, which is the causative agent of Lyme disease, and Mount Desert Island, Maine, home to Acadia National Park, currently is affected by a high Lyme disease burden. Ticks have many natural predators, including ants, although no previous studies have investigated interactions between these two species. To test the hypothesis that the presence of M. rubra alters I. scapularis abundance, we collected ticks by drag-sampling at eight ant-infested sites and eight uninfested control sites in Acadia National Park. We found that nymph density was significantly higher at ant-infested sites, while larval density was significantly higher at control sites. In addition, we conducted a laboratory bioassay to measure M. rubra aggression against I. scapularis larvae, nymphs, and adults and Dermacentor variabilis adults, and found that ant aggression was significantly higher against D. variabilis adults than I. scapularis adults. Our findings support the hypothesis that M. rubra has divergent effects across I. scapularis life stages, and we discuss possible ecological mechanisms, including optimal microclimate and predation, that could promote density of nymphs while inhibiting density of larvae.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSukanya Narasimhan, Andrea Swei, Selma Abouneameh, Utpal Pal, Joao H.F. Pedra, Erol Fikrig
Trends in Parasitology, 4.05.2021
Tilføjet 5.05.2021
Ixodes scapularis and Ixodes pacificus are the predominant vectors of multiple human pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi, one of the causative agents of Lyme disease in North America. Differences in the habitats and host preferences of these closely related tick species present an opportunity to examine key aspects of the tick microbiome. While advances in sequencing technologies have accelerated a descriptive understanding of the tick microbiome, molecular and mechanistic insights into the tick microbiome are only beginning to emerge.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKortela E, Kanerva M, Puustinen J, et al.
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 5.03.2020
Tilføjet 26.04.2021
AbstractBackgroundLyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is often treated with intravenous ceftriaxone even if doxycycline is suggested to be noninferior to ceftriaxone. We evaluated the efficacy of oral doxycycline in comparison to ceftriaxone in the treatment of LNB.Methods Patients with neurological symptoms suggestive of LNB without other obvious reasons were recruited. The inclusion criteria were (1) production of Borrelia burgdorferi-specific antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or serum; (2) B. burgdorferi DNA in the CSF; or (3) an erythema migrans during the past 3 months. Participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, or intravenous ceftriaxone 2 g daily for 3 weeks. The participants described their subjective condition with a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10 (0…=…normal; 10…=…worst) before the treatment, and 4 and 12 months after the treatment. The primary outcome was the change in the VAS score at 12 months.ResultsBetween 14 September 2012 and 28 December 2017, 210 adults with suspected LNB were assigned to receive doxycycline (n…=…104) or ceftriaxone (n…=…106). The per-protocol analysis comprised 82 patients with doxycycline and 84 patients with ceftriaxone. The mean change in the VAS score was −3.9 in the doxycycline group and −3.8 in the ceftriaxone group (mean difference, 0.17 [95% confidence interval, −.59 to .92], which is within the prespecified equivalence margins of −1 to 1 units). Participants in both groups improved equally.ConclusionsOral doxycycline is equally effective as intravenous ceftriaxone in the treatment of LNB.Clinical Trials RegistrationNCT01635530 and EudraCT 2012-000313-37.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVera Maraspin, Katarina Ogrinc, Tereza Rojko, Petra BogoviÄ, Eva Ružić-Sabljić, Andrej Kastrin, Gary P. Wormser, Franc Strle
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 22.04.2021
Tilføjet 22.04.2021
by Vera Maraspin, Katarina Ogrinc, Tereza Rojko, Petra BogoviÄ, Eva Ružić-Sabljić, Andrej Kastrin, Gary P. Wormser, Franc Strle
Neither pre-treatment characteristics, nor the outcome after antibiotic therapy, have been reported for spirochetemic European patients with Lyme borreliosis. In the present study, patients with a solitary erythema migrans (EM) who had a positive blood culture for either Borrelia afzelii (n = 116) or Borrelia garinii (n = 37) were compared with age- and sex-matched patients who had a negative blood culture, but were culture positive for the corresponding Borrelia species from skin. Collectively, spirochetemic patients significantly more often recalled a tick bite at the site of the EM skin lesion, had a shorter time interval from the bite to the onset of EM, had a shorter duration of the skin lesion prior to diagnosis, and had a smaller EM skin lesion that was more often homogeneous in appearance. Similar results were found for the subset of spirochetemic patients infected with B. afzelii but not for those infected with B. garinii. However, patients with B. garinii bacteremia had faster-spreading and larger EM skin lesions, and more often reported itching at the site of the lesion than patients with B. afzelii bacteremia. Treatment failures were rare (7/306 patients, 2.3%) and were not associated with having spirochetemia or with which Borrelia species was causing the infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRogovskyy, A. S., Rogovska, Y. V., Taylor, B. M., Wiener, D. J., Threadgill, D. W.
Infection and Immunity, 19.04.2021
Tilføjet 20.04.2021
The spirochetal bacterium, Borrelia recurrentis, causes louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF). Borrelia recurrentis is unique because, as opposed to other Borrelia spirochetes, this strictly human pathogen is transmitted by lice. Despite the high mortality, historically proven epidemic potential and current outbreaks in African countries and Western Europe, research on LBRF has been obstructed by the lack of suitable animal models. Previously used grivet monkey model is associated with ethical concerns among other issues. An existing immunodeficient mouse model does not limit bacteremia due to its impaired immune system. In this study, we used genetically diverse Collaborative Cross (CC) lines to develop the first LBRF immunocompetent mouse model. Out of 12 CC lines tested, CC046 mice consistently developed B. recurrentis-induced spirochetemia during the first 3 days postchallenge as concordantly detected by dark-field microscopy, culture, and quantitative PCR. However, spirochetemia was not detected from day 4 through day 10 postchallenge. The high-level spirochetemia (>107 cells/ml of blood) observed in CC046 mice was similar to that recorded in LBRF patients as well as immunocompetent mouse strains experimentally infected by tick-borne relapsing fever (RF) spirochetes, Borrelia hermsii and Borrelia persica. In contrast to the old-world and new-world RF spirochetes, which develop multiple relapses (n=3-9), B. recurrentis produced only single culture-detectable spirochetemia in CC046 mice. The lack of relapses may not be surprising as LBRF patients and the grivet monkey model usually develop no or only 1-2 spirochetemic relapses. The novel model will now allow scientists to study B. recurrentis in the context of intact immunity.
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