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Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
AbstractNOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) is a central protein contributing to human inflammatory disorders, including cryopyrin associated periodic syndrome and sepsis. However, the molecular mechanisms and functions of NLRP3 activation in various diseases remain unknow. Here, we generated gain-of-function knock-in mice associated with Muckle-Wells syndromes using the Cre-LoxP system allowing for the constitutive T346M mutation of NLRP3 to be globally expressed in all cells under the control of tamoxifen. The mice were treated with tamoxifen for 4 days before determining their genotype by PCR and sequence analysis. In vitro, we found that bone marrow-derived macrophage from homozygous T346M mutation mice displayed a robust ability to produce IL-1β in response to lipopolysaccharide exposure. Moreover, ASC specks and oligomerisation were observed in the homozygous mutant bone marrow-derived macrophages in the presence of lipopolysaccharides alone. Mechanistically, K + and Ca2 + depletion and mitochondrial depolarization contribute to the hyperactivation of mutant NLRP3. In vivo, homozygous mice carrying the T346M mutation exhibit weight loss and mild inflammation in the resting state. In an lipopolysaccharide-mediated sepsis model, homozygous mutant mice exhibited higher mortality and increased serum circulating cytokine levels, accompanied by serious liver injury. Furthermore, an increase in myeloid cells in the spleen has been suggested to be a risk factor for inducing sepsis sensitivity. Altogether, we describe a cryopyrin-associated syndrome animal model with the T346M mutation of NLRP3 and suggest that the hyperactivated inflammasome aggregated by the mutant NLRP3 lowers the inflammatory response threshold both in vitro and in vivo.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Arboviral infections are fast becoming a global public health concern as a result of its high fatality rate and sporadic spread. From the outbreak of Zika virus in the Americas, the endemicity of Yellow fever in West Africa and South America, outbreaks of West Nile virus in South Africa to the year-round and national risk of Dengue fever in Mainland China and India. The war against emerging and re-emerging viral infection could probably lead to the next pandemic. To be above the pending possible arboviral pandemic, consistent surveillance of these pathogens is necessary in every society. This study was aimed at conducting a surveillance for Yellow fever virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Dengue virus and Rift Valley fever virus in four states in Nigeria using molecular techniques. A cross-sectional study involving 1600 blood samples collected from febrile patients in Lagos, Kwara, Ondo and Delta States between 2018 and 2021 was conducted using Real time polymerase chain reaction for detection of the pathogens. Extraction and purification of viral RNA were done using Qiagen Viral RNA Mini Kit. Samples were analyzed using One Step PrimeScript III RT-PCR mix (Takara Bio) alongside optimized primers and probes designed in-house. Positive samples were sequenced on MinION platform (Nanopore technologies). Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis were performed with DNASTAR Lasergene 17.3. All the RNA extracted from samples collected from the four states were negative for ZIKV RNA, RVFV RNA, CHIKV RNA and DENV RNA. However, twelve of the samples (2%) tested positive for YFV RNA. Three full genomes of sizes 10,751 bp, 10,500 bp and 10,715 bp were generated and deposited in GenBank with accession numbers: ON323052, ON323053 and ON323054 respectively. Phylogenetic analysis shows clustering within lineage 3 of West African genotype. This result shows an active spread of Yellow fever in Delta State, Nigeria. However, there is no emergence of a new genotype There is a need for an intense surveillance of Yellow fever virus in Nigeria to avert a major outbreak.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Background The synergy between the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis during co-infection of a host is well known. While this synergy is known to be driven by immunological deterioration, the metabolic mechanisms that contribute to the associated disease burden experienced during HIV/tuberculosis (TB) co-infection remain poorly understood. Furthermore, while anti-HIV treatments suppress viral replication, these therapeutics give rise to host metabolic disruption and adaptations beyond that induced by only infection or disease. Methods In this study, the serum metabolic profiles of healthy controls, untreated HIV-negative TB-positive patients, untreated HIV/TB co-infected patients, and HIV/TB co-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), were measured using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Since no global metabolic profile for HIV/TB co-infection and the effect of ART has been published to date, this pilot study aimed to elucidate the general areas of metabolism affected during such conditions. Results HIV/TB co-infection induced significant changes to the host’s lipid and protein metabolism, with additional microbial product translocation from the gut to the blood. The results suggest that HIV augments TB synergistically, at least in part, contributing to increased inflammation, oxidative stress, ART-induced mitochondrial damage, and its detrimental effects on gut health, which in turn, affects energy availability. ART reverses these trends to some extent in HIV/TB co-infected patients but not to that of healthy controls. Conclusion This study generated several new hypotheses that could direct future metabolic studies, which could be combined with other research techniques or methodologies to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these changes.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Background The o severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has killed millions of people and caused widespread concern around the world. Multiple genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified as the pandemic continues. Concerns have been raised about high transmissibility and lower vaccine efficacy against omicron. There is an urgent need to better describe how omicron will impact clinical presentation and vaccine efficacy. This study aims at comparing the epidemiologic, clinical, and genomic characteristics of the omicron variant prevalent during the fifth wave with those of other VOCs between May 2020 and April 2022. Methods Epidemiological data were obtained from the National Electronic Diseases Surveillance System. Secondary data analysis was performed on all confirmed COVID-19 patients. Descriptive data analysis was performed for demographics and patient outcome and the incidence of COVID-19 was calculated as the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed patients out of the total population of Egypt. Incidence and characteristics of the omicron cohort from January- April 2022, were compared to those confirmed from May 2020-December 2021. We performed the whole-genome sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 on 1590 specimens using Illumina sequencing to describe the circulation of the virus lineages in Egypt. Results A total of 502,629 patients enrolled, including 60,665 (12.1%) reported in the fifth wave. The incidence rate of omicron was significantly lower than the mean of incidences in the previous subperiod (60.1 vs. 86.3/100,000 population, p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic has spread very rapidly around the world. Various regional and national lockdowns were imposed to control the spread. Meanwhile, vaccine development and population vaccination were the next steps for pandemic control. Workers in the dental field, both dentists and dental assistants, however, were close to the sources of aerosol generated during dental procedures and thus were the group of workers the most exposed to COVID-19 infection. The aim of our study was to monitor the immune response before and after the vaccine in a high-risk population, composed by dental professionals. Methods A clinical prospective study was carried out among dental professionals at the Academic Dental Polyclinic, Wroclaw Medical University (Wrocław, Lower Silesia region, Poland). Blood samples were collected at an interval of one year – March/April 2020, before the vaccination against COVID-19, and April 2021, after the vaccination. The analysis was performed on serum with four different methods: qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative IgG count for SARS-CoV-2, and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Results A total of 42 healthy adult volunteers participated in the study. The results showed a statistically significant difference (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Background Musculoskeletal disorders is an inflammatory, degenerative diseases and disorders that cause pain and functional impairments. Musculoskeletal disorders are common and the major global health concern among people with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome which causes physical disability. Despite, it is a recognized health problem among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients, there is a lack of data on musculoskeletal disorders among patients following anti-retroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly Ethiopia. Therefore, the main aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of musculoskeletal disorders among adult human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients following anti-retroviral therapy. Method An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 1st to October 1st, 2021 at University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia. The data was collected through an interview-administered questionnaire and patient medical record review of 324 participants. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders. The strength of the association was detected by the adjusted odds ratio and P-value. Result The annual prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among participants was 158 (48.5%) with [95% CI: 43%, 54%], opportunistic infection [AOR, 10.43; 95% CI = 2.76–42.25], type of ART medication used, CD4-count [AOR, 0.13; 95% CI 0.03–0.85], and change in anti-retroviral therapy regimen change [AOR, 8.14; 95%CI 2.06–32.09] were significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Conclusion The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was moderate. Recent CD4 count, opportunistic infection, antiretroviral therapy regime at initiation, and anti-retroviral therapy regime change were significantly associated with musculoskeletal disorder. A multidisciplinary approach is required for preventing and treating musculoskeletal disorders among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients following anti-retroviral therapy.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Purpose Tuberculosis is a high-burden disease and a major health concern in China, especially among children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to assess risk factors for diagnostic delay in students with pulmonary tuberculosis in Quzhou City in eastern China. Patients and methods Cases of PTB in students and relevant information in Quzhou from 2011 to 2021 were collected using the TB Management Information System. The outcome of interest was diagnostic delay (i.e. ≥ 28 days between symptom onset and treatment initiation). Risk factors for diagnostic delay were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results A total of 629 students in Quzhou were diagnosed with PTB during the study period, of whom 55.5% were male. The median diagnostic delay was 18 days (Inter Quartile Range, [IQR]: 8–38) and 38.0% of the students had a diagnostic delay. Living in a rural area (adjusted odds ratio, [AOR]: 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI:] 1.11–2.19), developing PTB symptoms in the first quarter of the year (AOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.40–3.40), and no sputum smear result (AOR: 8.73, 95% CI: 1.68–45.30) were significantly associated with a diagnostic delay. Discovery through health examinations (AOR: 0.33, 95% CI: 0.17–0.63) was associated with reduced risk of diagnostic delay. Conclusion Schools in rural areas should pay special attention to increasing student awareness of the symptoms of tuberculosis and provide health education on tuberculosis prevention and control to students and staff.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a multifaceted disease potentially responsible for various clinical manifestations including gastro-intestinal symptoms. Several evidences suggest that the intestine is a critical site of immune cell development, gut microbiota could therefore play a key role in lung immune response. We designed a monocentric longitudinal observational study to describe the gut microbiota profile in COVID-19 patients and compare it to a pre-existing cohort of ventilated non-COVID-19 patients. Methods From March to December 2020, we included patients admitted for COVID-19 in medicine (43 not ventilated) or intensive care unit (ICU) (14 ventilated) with a positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR assay in a respiratory tract sample. 16S metagenomics was performed on rectal swabs from these 57 COVID-19 patients, 35 with one and 22 with multiple stool collections. Nineteen non-COVID-19 ICU controls were also enrolled, among which 14 developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (pneumonia group) and five remained without infection (control group). SARS-CoV-2 viral loads in fecal samples were measured by qPCR. Results Although similar at inclusion, Shannon alpha diversity appeared significantly lower in COVID-19 and pneumonia groups than in the control group at day 7. Furthermore, the microbiota composition became distinct between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 groups. The fecal microbiota of COVID-19 patients was characterized by increased Bacteroides and the pneumonia group by Prevotella. In a distance-based redundancy analysis, only COVID-19 presented significant effects on the microbiota composition. Moreover, patients in ICU harbored increased Campylobacter and decreased butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae, Roseburia and Faecalibacterium as compared to patients in medicine. Both the stay in ICU and patient were significant factors affecting the microbiota composition. SARS-CoV-2 viral loads were higher in ICU than in non-ICU patients. Conclusions Overall, we identified distinct characteristics of the gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients compared to control groups. COVID-19 patients were primarily characterized by increased Bacteroides and decreased Prevotella. Moreover, disease severity showed a negative correlation with butyrate-producing bacteria. These features could offer valuable insights into potential targets for modulating the host response through the microbiota and contribute to a better understanding of the disease\'s pathophysiology. Trial registration CER-VD 2020–00755 (05.05.2020) & 2017–01820 (08.06.2018).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaarten van DintherKyle T. CunninghamShashi Prakash SinghMadeleine P. J. WhiteTiffany CampionClaire CianciaPeter A. van VeelenArnoud H. de RuRomán González-PrietoAnanya MukundanChang-Hyeock ByeonSophia R. StaggersCynthia S. HinckAndrew P. HinckPeter ten DijkeRick M. MaizelsaOncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2300 RC, The NetherlandsbWellcome Centre for Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United KingdomcCenter for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333 ZC, The NetherlandsdAndalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC - Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Sevilla, SpaineDepartment of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, SpainfDepartment of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 34, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPhilip Moseley, Alasdair Bamford, Sarah Eisen, Hermione Lyall, Margaret Kingston, Claire Thorne, Cecilia Piñera, Helena Rabie, Andrew J Prendergast, Seilesh Kadambari
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Congenital syphilis is a major global cause of fetal loss, stillbirth, neonatal death, and congenital infection. In 2020, the global rate of congenital syphilis was 425 cases per 100 000 livebirths—substantially higher than WHO\'s elimination target of 50 cases per 100 000 livebirths. Case rates are rising in many high-income countries, but remain low compared with those in low-income and middle-income settings. This Review aims to summarise the current epidemiology and knowledge on transmission and treatment of syphilis in pregnancy, and proposes measures to reduce the rising incidence seen worldwide.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah J. ShepherdXuexiang HanAlvin J. MukalelRakan El-MaytaAjay S. ThatteJingyu WuMarshall S. PadillaMohamad-Gabriel AlamehNeha SrikumarDaeyeon LeeDrew WeissmanDavid IssadoreMichael J. MitchellaDepartment of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104bDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104cDepartment of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104dDepartment of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104eDepartment of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104fInstitute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104gCardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104hInstitute for Regenerative Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104iAbramson Cancer Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104jPenn Institute for RNA Innovation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRamesh ArunkumarShuyu Olivia ZhouJonathan P. DaySherifat BakareSimone PittonYexin ZhangChi-Yun HsingSinead O’BoyleJuan Pascual-GilBelinda ClarkRachael J. ChandlerAlexandre B. LeitãoFrancis M. JigginsaDepartment of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United KingdombDepartment of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, 388 Stag Hill, Guildford, GU2 7XH, United KingdomcBiosciences Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milano, MI 20133, ItalydSchool of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D04 V1W8, IrelandeFacultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLingyue YangZengmiao WangLin WangBram VranckenRuixue WangYuanlong WeiBenjamin RaderChieh-Hsi WuYuyang ChenPeiyi WuBingying LiQiushi LinLu DongYujun CuiMang ShiJohn S. BrownsteinNils Chr. StensethRuifu YangHuaiyu TianaState Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Center for Global Change and Public Health, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinabDepartment of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, United KingdomcDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, Laboratory of Evolutionary and Computational Virology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, BelgiumdSpatial Epidemiology Lab, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, BelgiumeComputational Epidemiology Lab, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02215fDepartment of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118gMathematical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United KingdomhCollege of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaiState Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, ChinajThe Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, ChinakHarvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115lThe Centre for Pandemics and One-Health Research, Sustainable Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, NorwaymCentre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, NorwaynVanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMichael A. ZellerJordan MaFoong Ying WongSothyra TumArata HidanoHannah HoltTy ChhaySan SornDina KoeutBunnary SengSovanncheypo ChaoGiselle G. K. NgZhuang YanMonidarin ChouJames W. RudgeGavin J. D. SmithYvonne C. F. SuaProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore 169857, SingaporebNational Animal Health and Production Research Institute, General Directorate of Animal Health and Production, Phnom Penh 120608, CambodiacDepartment of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, United KingdomdLivestock Development for Community Livelihood, Phnom Penh 120108, CambodiaeUniversity of Health Sciences, Phnom Penh 120210, CambodiafCentre for Outbreak Preparedness, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, SingaporegSingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857, SingaporehDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedManuel A. FierroTahir HussainLiam J. CampinJosh R. BeckaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011bRoy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAkiko Nakano-KobayashiAndres CanelaToru YoshiharaMasatoshi HagiwaraaDepartment of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapanbDepartment of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapancThe Hakubi Center for Advanced Research and Radiation Biology Center, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, JapandInstitute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLizhen GuoJunbo TangMin TangShiqi LuoXin ZhouaDepartment of Entomology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of ChinabSanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, People’s Republic of ChinacCollege of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of ChinadDepartment of Biological Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215100, People’s Republic of China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnzelika RubinaMihil PatelKatie NightingaleMartin PottsCeri A. FieldingSimon KollnbergerBetty LauKristin LadellKelly L. MinersJenna NicholsLuis NobreDawn RobertsTerrence M. TrincaJason P. TwohigVirginia-Maria VlahavaAndrew J. DavisonDavid A. PricePeter TomasecGavin W. G. WilkinsonMichael P. WeekesRichard J. StantonEddie C. Y. WangaDivision of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United KingdombCambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United KingdomcDepartment of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, United KingdomdCentre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNunziata MaioMd Kausar RazaYan LiDe-Liang ZhangJ. Martin BollingerCarsten KrebsTracey A. RouaultaEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892bDepartment of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802cNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Proteomics Core Facility, Bethesda, MD 20892dDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTim K. TsangCan WangVicky J. FangRanawaka A. P. M. PereraHau Chi SoDennis K. M. IpGabriel M. LeungJ. S. Malik PeirisSimon CauchemezBenjamin J. CowlingaWHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Control, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinabLaboratory of Data Discovery for Health Limited, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinacHKU-Pasteur Research Pole, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, ChinadMathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSantiago F. ElenaaInstituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de València), Paterna, Valencia 46980, SpainbThe Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 33, August 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedStefanie Fruhwürth, Line S. Reinert, Carl Öberg, Marcelina Sakr, Marcus Henricsson, Henrik Zetterberg, Søren R. Paludan
Science Advances, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Ming Kuang, Yingchi Zhao, Haitao Yu, Siji Li, Tianyi Liu, Luoying Chen, Jingxuan Chen, Yujie Luo, Xuefei Guo, Xuemei Wei, Yunfei Li, Zeming Zhang, Dandan Wang, Fuping You
Science Advances, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Samia Almoughrabie, Laura Cau, Kellen Cavagnero, Alan M. O’Neill, Fengwu Li, Andrea Roso-Mares, Carine Mainzer, Brigitte Closs, Matthew J. Kolar, Kevin J. Williams, Steven J. Bensinger, Richard L. Gallo
Science Advances, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
Pyae Linn Aung, Kyawt Mon Win, Htet Myet Win Maung, Kyaw Lwin Show
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
by Pyae Linn Aung, Kyawt Mon Win, Htet Myet Win Maung, Kyaw Lwin Show Introduction Myanmar has been identified as one of the tuberculosis (TB) high-burden countries and having an understanding of TB transmission is vital for personal infection prevention as well as preventing transmission to others. This study aimed to identify the determinants of correct knowledge on TB transmission and self-reported TB prevalence among general population in Myanmar. Methods This is a cross-sectional study using secondary data from Myanmar demographic and health survey 2015–16. The determinants of correct knowledge on TB transmission mode and self-reported prevalence of TB were assessed using multivariable logistic regression models. Weighted estimates were provided in all analyses to account for the multistage sampling design used in the survey. Results Among the respondents, less than half (44.6%, 95% CI: 43.9, 45.4) had the overall correct knowledge about TB transmission and misconceptions. Older age group, female gender, those with higher education and higher socioeconomic status, and exposed to mass media at least once a week, residents from the delta and lowland region or plain areas were more likely to have correct knowledge about TB transmission. The overall prevalence rate of self-reported TB was 2.6% (95%CI: 2.4, 2.9) and the prevalence was higher among older age group and males. Conclusion Our study highlights the need for targeted efforts to improve awareness and understanding of TB transmission among general population in Myanmar. The study suggests the implementation of appropriate, innovative, and comprehensive targeted TB education and communication strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMeng Gong, Fujin Shen, Yang Li, Lei Ming, Li Hong
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
by Meng Gong, Fujin Shen, Yang Li, Lei Ming, Li Hong Mixed pedigree kinase 4 (MLK4) is a member of the serine/threonine kinases mixed pedigree kinase (MLKs) family. Few reports on immune-related targets in Cervical squamous cell carcinoma and endocervical adenocarcinoma (CESC), and the role of MLK4 in cervical cancer remains to be studied. The expression of MLK4 in CESC was analyzed by TCGA database containing 306 CESC tissues and 3 peritumoral tissue samples, and the effect of MLK4 on immune invasion was evaluated using the Deseq2 package(Benjamini-Hochberg corrected p-value < 0.05 and log2 fold change ≥|2|). Tissue microarray was used to verify the expression of MLK4 in CESC patients, and it was found that MLK4 was significantly overexpressed in CESC, and significantly correlated with WHO grade. Multiple analysis algorithms revealed that the high expression of MLK4 was negatively correlated with immune cell infiltration in CESC. Analysis showed that MLK4 expression was negatively correlated with the infiltration of various immune cells including CD8+T cells, and MLK4 mRNA expression was positively correlated with immune checkpoints PD-L1,CTLA4, LAG3, and negatively correlated with immune promotion genes CD86 and CD80. Furthermore, vitro assays were performed to investigate the biological characteristics of MLK4 in C33A cells. The EDU and transwell assays demonstrated that the decrease in MLK4 expression in C33A cells resulted in a decrease in cell proliferation and invasion. The silencing of MLK4 resulted in a significant increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β(p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJonathan P. Feelemyer, Dustin T. Duncan, Molly Remch, Jay S. Kaufman, Charles M. Cleland, Amanda B. Geller, Typhanye V. Dyer, Joy D. Scheidell, Rodman E. Turpin, Russell A. Brewer, Christopher Hucks-Ortiz, Medha Mazumdar, Kenneth H. Mayer, Maria R. Khan
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
by Jonathan P. Feelemyer, Dustin T. Duncan, Molly Remch, Jay S. Kaufman, Charles M. Cleland, Amanda B. Geller, Typhanye V. Dyer, Joy D. Scheidell, Rodman E. Turpin, Russell A. Brewer, Christopher Hucks-Ortiz, Medha Mazumdar, Kenneth H. Mayer, Maria R. Khan Objective Evaluate associations between racialized and homophobia-based police harassment (RHBPH) and healthcare distrust and utilization among Black Sexual Minority Men (BSMM). Methods We utilized data from a longitudinal cohort study from HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 061 with baseline, six and 12 month follow-up assessments. Using multivariable analysis, we evaluated associations between RHBPH and healthcare distrust and utilization reported at the 6 and 12 month visits. Results Of 1553 BSMM present at baseline, 1160 were available at six-month follow-up. In multivariable analysis, increasing frequency of RHBPH was associated with increasing levels of distrust in healthcare providers (aOR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.74) and missing 50% or more of healthcare visits at six-month follow-up (aOR 1.93, 95% CI: 1.09, 3.43). Conclusions Recent experiences of RHBPH are associated with reduced trust in and access to healthcare among BSMM, with more frequent RHBPH associated with greater vulnerability.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThamrong Lertudomphonwanit, Chirtwut Somboonprasert, Kittiphon Lilakhunakon, Suphaneewan Jaovisidha, Thumanoon Ruangchaijatuporn, Praman Fuangfa, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Siriorn Watcharananan, Pongsthorn Chanplakorn
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
by Thamrong Lertudomphonwanit, Chirtwut Somboonprasert, Kittiphon Lilakhunakon, Suphaneewan Jaovisidha, Thumanoon Ruangchaijatuporn, Praman Fuangfa, Sasivimol Rattanasiri, Siriorn Watcharananan, Pongsthorn Chanplakorn Background Microbiological diagnosis of tuberculous spondylodiscitis (TS) and pyogenic spontaneous spondylodiscitis (PS) is sometime difficult. This study aimed to identify the predictive factors for differentiating TS from PS using clinical characteristics, radiologic findings, and biomarkers, and to develop scoring system by using predictive factors to stratify the probability of TS. Methods A retrospective single-center study. Demographics, clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and radiographic findings of patients, confirmed causative pathogens of PS or TS, were assessed for independent factors that associated with TS. The coefficients and odds ratio (OR) of the final model were estimated and used to construct the scoring scheme to identify patients with TS. Results There were 73 patients (51.8%) with TS and 68 patients (48.2%) with PS. TS was more frequently associated with younger age, history of tuberculous infection, longer duration of symptoms, no fever, thoracic spine involvement, ≥3 vertebrae involvement, presence of paraspinal abscess in magnetic-resonance-image (MRI), well-defined thin wall abscess, anterior subligamentous abscess, and lower biomarker levels included white blood cell (WBC) counts, erythrocyte-sedimentation-rate (ESR), neutrophil fraction, and C-reactive protein (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed significant predictors of TS included WBC ≤9,700/mm3 (odds ratio [OR] 13.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.23–40.61), neutrophil fraction ≤78% (OR 4.93, 95% CI 1.59–15.30), ESR ≤92 mm/hr (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.24–13.36) and presence of paraspinal abscess in MRI (OR 10.25, 95% CI 3.17–33.13), with an area under the curve of 0.921. The scoring system stratified the probability of TS into three categories: low, moderate, and high with a TS prevalence of 8.1%, 29.6%, and 82.2%, respectively. Conclusions This prediction model incorporating WBC, neutrophil fraction counts, ESR and presence of paraspinal abscess accurately predicted the causative pathogens. The scoring scheme with combination of these biomarkers and radiologic features can be useful to differentiate TS from PS.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZeyaul Islam, Abdoulaye Diane, Namat Khattab, Mohammed Dehbi, Paul Thornalley, Prasanna R. Kolatkar
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
by Zeyaul Islam, Abdoulaye Diane, Namat Khattab, Mohammed Dehbi, Paul Thornalley, Prasanna R. Kolatkar Metabolic stress involved in several dysregulation disorders such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results in down regulation of several heat shock proteins (HSPs) including DNAJB3. This down regulation of HSPs is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and interventions which induce the heat shock response (HSR) help to increase the insulin sensitivity. Metabolic stress leads to changes in signaling pathways through increased activation of both c-jun N-terminal kinase-1 (JNK1) and the inhibitor of κB inflammatory kinase (IKKβ) which in turn leads to inactivation of insulin receptor substrates 1 and 2 (IRS-1 and IRS-2). DNAJB3 interacts with both JNK1 and IKKβ kinases to mitigate metabolic stress. In addition DNAJB3 also activates the PI3K-PKB/AKT pathway through increased phosphorylation of AKT1 and its substrate AS160, a Rab GTPase-activating protein, which results in mobilization of GLUT4 transporter protein and improved glucose uptake. We show through pull down that AK T1 is an interacting partner of DNAJB3, further confirmed by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) which quantified the avidity of AKT1 for DNAJB3. The binding interface was identified by combining protein modelling with docking of the AKT1-DNAJB3 complex. DNAJB3 is localized in the cytoplasm and ER, where it interacts directly with AKT1 and mobilizes AS160 for glucose transport. Inhibition of AKT1 resulted in loss of GLUT4 translocation activity mediated by DNAJB3 and also abolished the protective effect of DNAJB3 on tunicamycin-induced ER stress. Taken together, our findings provide evidence for a direct protein-protein interaction between DNAJB3 and AKT1 upon which DNAJB3 alleviates ER stress and promotes GLUT4 translocation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedXinli Niu, Yongfan Cheng, Xiaopei Feng, Wei Zhao, Xi Zhang, Mengjun Du, Yanfang Gu
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 19.08.2023
Tilføjet 19.08.2023
by Xinli Niu, Yongfan Cheng, Xiaopei Feng, Wei Zhao, Xi Zhang, Mengjun Du, Yanfang Gu Numerous studies have shown that the function of earthworms may depend on their ecotype and density, which affects how they impact soil microbial and nematode communities. However, it is unclear how different earthworm species and densities alter the composition of soil microbial and nematode communities and how these modifications impact the soil micro-food web. The structural equation model (SEM) is a more accurate tool for identifying the intricate relationships between various trophic levels in the soil micro-food webs than the widely used bivariate data analysis. In order to ascertain the effects of earthworm species, including epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida and anecic earthworm Metaphire guillelmi, as well as varying densities on the composition of main microbial groups, soil nematodes and their relationships, a microcosm experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. After nine weeks of observation, compared with the control treatments, Eisenia fetida increased the biomasses of total microorganism and bacteria, whereas Metaphire guillelmi decreased the biomasses of total microorganism, bacteria, and gram-positive bacteria, but showed an increase in AMF biomass. Additionally, both two earthworm species decreased the abundance of total soil nematode, bacterivores, and omnivore-predators, which is in contrast with the control treatments. The SEM results indicated that the addition of Eisenia fetida at different densities had indirect negative effects on the abundance of omnivore-predators, as it significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon, ammonium nitrogen, and nitrate nitrogen. The bottom-up effects were found to be the dominant forces, which promoted bacterial-dominated decomposition channels. The addition of Metaphire guillelmi with different density had direct negative impact on bacterivores and fungivores. Moreover, it had indirect negative effects on omnivore-predators by altering the soil properties. The dominant forces were still the bottom-up effects. Our study suggests that different earthworm species have distinct mechanisms that affect the soil micro-food web in different ways.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundHisto-blood group antigen (HBGA) status may impact vaccine efficacy due to rotavirus strains binding to HBGAs in a P genotype-dependent manner. This study aimed to determine if HBGA status impacted vaccine take of the G3P[6] neonatal vaccine RV3-BB.MethodsDNA was extracted from stool samples collected in a subset of participants (n=164) of the RV3-BB Phase IIb trial in Indonesian infants. FUT2 and FUT3 genes were amplified and sequenced, with any single nucleotide polymorphisms analysed to infer the Lewis and secretor status. Measures of positive cumulative vaccine take were defined as serum immune response (either immunoglobulin A or serum neutralising antibody) and/or stool excretion of RV3-BB virus. Participants were stratified by HBGA status and measures of vaccine take.ResultsIn 147/164 participants, both Lewis and secretor phenotype were determined. Positive vaccine take was recorded for 144/147 participants with combined phenotype determined (97.9%). Cumulative vaccine take was not significantly associated with either secretor status (risk ratio (RR)=1.00, 95%CI=0.94-1.06, p=0.97) or Lewis phenotype (RR=1.03, 95%CI=0.94-1.14, p=0.33). Nor was a difference observed when analysed according to each of the individual components of vaccine take.ConclusionsThe RV3-BB vaccine produced positive cumulative vaccine take, irrespective of participant HBGA status in Indonesian infants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
AbstractMastitis caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a significant concern in the livestock industry due to the economic losses it incurs. Regulating immunometabolism has emerged as a promising approach for preventing bacterial inflammation. To investigate the possibility of alleviating inflammation caused by S. aureus infection by regulating host glycolysis, we subjected the murine mammary epithelial cell line (EpH4-Ev) to S. aureus challenge. Our study revealed that S. aureus can colonize EpH4-Ev cells and promote inflammation through HIF1α-driven glycolysis. Notably, the activation of HIF1α was found to be dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By inhibiting PFKFB3, a key regulator in the host glycolytic pathway, we successfully modulated HIF1α-triggered metabolic reprogramming by reducing ROS production in S. aureus-induced mastitis. Our findings suggest that there is a high potential for the development of novel anti-inflammatory therapies that safely inhibit the glycolytic rate-limiting enzyme PFKFB3.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJournal of Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
AbstractBackgroundHIV continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality. Among the main challenges faced by prophylactic HIV vaccine development are the high rates of genetic mutation and recombination during HIV replication. This produces highly heterogeneous strains of HIV that often escape immune responses or treatment. Hence, information on geographic and population-specific HIV subtype (clade) distributions are crucial. We characterize HIV-1 and HIV-2 subtypes across geography and key populations based on a systematic literature review covering the past decade.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CABI Global Health for peer-reviewed publications reporting HIV-1 or HIV-2 subtype prevalence data between January 2010 and June 2021. We included publications in any language across all regions in any population, irrespective of age, gender, ethnicity, CD4 count, viral load, ARV treatment regimen, or coinfections.ResultsA total of 454 studies across 91 countries were included. Globally, CRF/URFs accounted for 29% of all circulating HIV-1, followed by subtypes C (23%) and A (17%). Most papers reporting key population subtype breakdowns (n=104) focused on men who have sex with men (MSM) and people who inject drugs (PWIDs), where 62% and 38% of HIV infections were CRF/URFs, respectively. There was a 25% increase in other CRFs (not including CRF01_AE or CRF02_AG) prevalence between 2010-2015 and 2016-2021 in Latin America and the Caribbean.ConclusionsThe HIV subtype distribution from this review follows those seen elsewhere, though with an increasingly higher prevalence of CRFs and a lower prevalence of subtype C. We found that reporting of HIV-2 data is often scarce.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVibrio cholerae phage ICP3 requires O1 antigen for infection
Drew A. BeckmanChristopher M. Waters 1 Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA , Nancy E. Freitag
Infection and Immunity, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Ehrlichia Notch signaling induction promotes XIAP stability and inhibits apoptosis
LaNisha L. PattersonCaitlan D. ByerlyRegina SolomonNicholas PittnerDuc Cuong BuiJignesh PatelJere W. McBride 1 Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA 3 Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA 4 Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA 5 Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA , Craig R. Roy
Infection and Immunity, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Mohammed J. A. HaiderChristopher D. ShaveChinaemerem U. OnyishiTomasz JagielskiSamuel Lara-ReynaEva-Maria FrickelRobin C. May 1 Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa, Warszawa, Poland , Craig R. Roy
Infection and Immunity, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Julie A. BrothwellKate R. FortneyJalan S. WilliamsTeresa A. BatteigerRory DuplantierDanielle GroundsAmber S. JannaschBarry P. KatzStanley M. Spinola 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 2 Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 3 Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA 4 Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA 5 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA , Manuela Raffatellu
Infection and Immunity, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Jooyoung ChoKatie L. AlexanderJessica L. FerrellLance A. JohnsonSteven EstusSarah E. F. D’Orazio 1 Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 2 Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA 3 Sanders Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA , Andreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Richard J. LamontGeorge HajishengallisHyun Koo 1 Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA 2 Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Inflammation, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 3 Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA 4 Biofilm Research Laboratories, Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA , Anthony R. Richardson
Infection and Immunity, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Infectious Disease Modelling, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
Publication date: Available online 18 August 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Fengying Wei, Ruiyang Zhou, Zhen Jin, Senzhong Huang, Zhihang Peng, Jinjie Wang, Ximing Xu, Xinyan Zhang, Jun Xu, Yao Bai, Xiaoli Wang, Bulai Lu, Zhaojun Wang, Jianguo Xu
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
AbstractWe review key concepts in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of individuals with neurosyphilis. We describe the epidemiology of syphilis in the United States, highlight populations that are markedly affected by this infection, and attempt to estimate the burden of neurosyphilis. We describe the cardinal clinical features of early and late (tertiary) neurosyphilis and characterize the clinical significance of asymptomatic neurosyphilis in the antibiotic era. We review the indications for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination and the performance characteristics of different CSF assays including treponemal and lipoidal antibodies, white cell count, and protein concentration. Future biomarkers and the role of imaging are briefly considered. We review preferred and alternative treatments for neurosyphilis and evidence for their use, including evidence for the use of enhanced intramuscular benzathine penicillin G to supplement intravenous penicillin.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
To the Editor—We welcome the letter and interest in our work from Acuña-Villaorduña and colleagues. We agree that the effect of treatment on infectious bioaerosol output is an important consideration when comparing our study results with the cough aerosol sampling system (CASS) data. This treatment effect is not fully understood or systematically described. Animal data suggest that expulsion of infectious bioaerosols declines rapidly with commencement of treatment [1], but there are notable data suggesting that people may produce culturable Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) sporadically weeks into treatment with unknown significance for onward transmission [2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
AbstractThe optimal treatment of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains uncertain. Patients undergoing debridement and implant retention (DAIR) receive extended antimicrobial treatment, and some experts leave patients at perceived highest risk of relapse on suppressive antibiotic therapy (SAT). In this narrative review, we synthesize the literature concerning the role of SAT to prevent treatment failure following DAIR, attempting to answer three key questions: 1) What factors identify patients at highest risk for treatment failure after DAIR (i.e. patients with the greatest potential to benefit from SAT)? 2) Does SAT reduce the rate of treatment failure after DAIR? And 3) What are the rates of treatment failure and adverse events necessitating treatment discontinuation in patients receiving SAT? We conclude by proposing risk-benefit stratification criteria to guide use of SAT after DAIR for PJI, informed by the limited available literature.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 18.08.2023
Tilføjet 18.08.2023
AbstractHIV-associated immunosuppression may increase risk of hospitalization with mpox. Among persons diagnosed with mpox in the state of Georgia, we characterized the association between hospitalization with mpox and HIV status. People with HIV and CD4
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