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BMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2023
Tilføjet 22.06.2023
Abstract Background Acute gastrointestinal infections can lead to post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). Moreover, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is related to long-term gastrointestinal sequelae. In this study, the frequency, disease spectrum, and risk factors for post-infection functional gastrointestinal disease (PI-FGID) in COVID-19 patients and healthy controls were prospectively examined. Methods Validated Rome III and Rome IV questionnaires and limited objective assessment were used to assess the incidence of PI-FGID in 190 COVID-19 patients, and 160 healthy controls prospectively followed for 1, 3, and 6 months. Results Six(3.2%), 1(0.5%), 3(1.6%), 5(2.6%), 6(3.2%)COVID-19 patients had diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia and their overlap at 1 month, respectively, while 4(2.1%), 1(0.5%), 4(2.1%), 4(2.1%), and 6(3.2%)COVID-19 patients had diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, dyspepsia and their overlap at three months, respectively. Furthermore, 2(1.3%), 4(2.5%), and 3(1.9%)healthy controls developed constipation, dyspepsia, and their overlap at one month, respectively (P = 0.193), while 2(1.3%), 4(2.5%), and 2(1.3%)healthy controls developed constipation, dyspepsia and their overlap at three months, respectively (P = 0.286). FGIDs incidence was higher among COVID-19 patients(8.9%) than in healthy controls(3.1%) at 6-month follow-up (P = 0.025). Moreover, 7 (3.7%), 5 (2.6%), 3 (1.6%), and 2 (1.1%) COVID-19 patients developed IBS, functional dyspepsia(FD), functional diarrhea(FDr), functional constipation(FC)at six months, respectively, while only 2 (1.3%) and 3 (1.9%) healthy controls developed IBS and FD at six months, respectively. Notably, gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms at onset were the independent risk factors for post-COVID-19 FGIDs at six months. Conclusions COVID-19 increases new-onset PI-FGID at six months compared with healthy controls. GI symptom at the onset of COVID-19 is an independent risk factor for post-COVID-19 FGIDs.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2023
Tilføjet 22.06.2023
Abstract Background Diphtheria is a severe respiratory or cutaneous infectious disease, caused by exotoxin producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis. Diphtheria is once again prevalent due to breakdown of immunisation programmes, social disruption and unrest. Aim This study describes the notified diphtheria cases in the Netherlands between 2000–2021 and isolates that were sent to the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM). Methods File investigation was performed including all notified cases and isolates of C. diphtheriae, C. ulcerans and C. pseudotuberculosis that were tested for toxin production using a toxin-PCR and Elek test. An exploratory review was performed to understand transmission in populations with a high vaccination uptake. Results Eighteen diphtheria notifications were made with confirmed toxigenic C. diphtheriae (n = 9) or ulcerans (n = 9) between 2000 and 2021. Seventeen (94.4%) presented with a cutaneous infection. All cases with a suspected source abroad (n = 8) concerned infection with C. diphtheriae. In contrast, 9/10 cases infected in the Netherlands were caused by C. ulcerans, a zoonosis. Secondary transmission was not reported. Isolates of C. ulcerans sent to the RIVM produced more often the diphtheria exotoxin (11/31; 35%) than C. diphtheriae (7/89; 7.9%). Conclusion Both human-to-human transmission of C. diphtheriae and animal-to-human transmission of C. ulcerans rarely occurs in the Netherlands. Cases mainly present with a cutaneous infection. Travel-related cases remain a risk for transmission to populations with low vaccination coverage, highlighting the importance of immunization and diphtheria control measures.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2023
Tilføjet 22.06.2023
Abstract Background Lingering symptoms after acute COVID-19 present a major challenge to ambulatory care services. Since there are reservations regarding their optimal management, we aimed to collate all available evidence on the effects of rehabilitation treatments applicable in ambulatory care for these patients. Methods On 9 May 2022, we systematically searched articles in COVID-19 collections, Embase, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycArticles, PEDro, and EuropePMC. References were eligible if they reported on the clinical effectiveness of a rehabilitation therapy applicable in ambulatory care for adult patients with persisting symptoms continuing 4 weeks after the onset of COVID-19. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the CASP cohort study checklist and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. Summary of Findings tables were constructed and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE framework. Results We included 38 studies comprising 2,790 participants. Physical training and breathing exercises may reduce fatigue, dyspnoea, and chest pain and may improve physical capacity and quality of life, but the evidence is very weak (based on 6 RCTs and 12 cohort studies). The evidence underpinning the effect of nutritional supplements on fatigue, dyspnoea, muscle pain, sensory function, psychological well-being, quality of life, and functional capacity is very poor (based on 4 RCTs). Also, the evidence-base is very weak about the effect of olfactory training on sensory function and quality of life (based on 4 RCTs and 3 cohort studies). Multidisciplinary treatment may have beneficial effects on fatigue, dyspnoea, physical capacity, pulmonary function, quality of life, return to daily life activities, and functional capacity, but the evidence is very weak (based on 5 cohort studies). The certainty of evidence is very low due to study limitations, inconsistency, indirectness, and imprecision. Conclusions Physical training, breathing exercises, olfactory training and multidisciplinary treatment can be effective rehabilitation therapies for patients with persisting symptoms after COVID-19, still with high uncertainty regarding these effects. These findings can guide ambulatory care practitioners to treat these patients and should be incorporated in clinical practice guidelines. High-quality studies are needed to confirm our hypotheses and should report on adverse events.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2023
Tilføjet 22.06.2023
Abstract Background The private sector is an important yet underregulated component of the TB treatment infrastructure in India. The Joint Effort for Elimination of Tuberculosis (Project JEET) aims to link private sector TB care with the constellation of social support mechanisms available through the Indian National TB Elimination Programme (NTEP), including the provision of free fixed-dose combination (FDCs) drugs to patients. This quasi-experimental study analysed routinely collected data to determine the impact of free drugs on patient follow-ups and treatment outcomes. Methods We used data for private sector patients enrolled with Project JEET who were diagnosed with pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB between 1 and 2019 and 31 March 2020, and completed treatment by 31 December 2021. Propensity score matching was used to create a dataset to compare the number of follow-ups and proportion of successful treatment outcomes for patients on free drugs to a control group who paid out-of-pocket. 11,621 matched pairs were included in the analysis. Logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression models were used to estimate the impact of free drugs on number of follow-ups and treatment success, where latter is defined as treatment completion or cure. Results After controlling for potential confounders, patients on free drugs received on average 2.522 (95% C.I.: 2.325 to 2.719) additional follow-ups compared to patients who paid out of pocket. This equates to a 25% mean and 32% median increase in follow-ups for patients availing free drugs. For treatment success, patients receiving free drugs had 45% higher odds of a successful treatment (Odds Ratio: 1.452, 95% C.I.: 1.288 to 1.637). Conclusions Patients receiving free drugs were found to follow up with their treatment coordinator more frequently, in part likely to enable drug refilling, compared to patients who were paying out of pocket. These additional contacts would have offered opportunities to address concerns regarding side effects, provide additional treatment information, and connect with social support services, all of which subsequently contributed to patients’ continual engagement with their treatment. This potentially represents the unmeasured effect of free drugs on continual social support, which translates into a higher odds of treatment success for patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBMC Infectious Diseases, 22.06.2023
Tilføjet 22.06.2023
Abstract Background In vitro diagnostics (IVDs) for primary detection test/screening of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) have recently been updated to new-generation products in Japan. In this study, the performance of these products was evaluated and discussed in terms of the usability of HTLV diagnosis in Japan. Methods The performance of 10 HTLV IVDs for primary detection test and confirmatory/discriminatory test was evaluated. Plasma specimens that had been declared ineligible for transfusion were provided by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Center. Results The diagnostic specificity of the IVDs was 100% (160/160). Six sandwich assays resulted in all HTLV-1/HTLV-positive specimens being positive (46/46). On the other hand, one sandwich assay, IVD under development 2 (UD2), resulted in one HTLV-1-positive and one HTLV-positive specimen being negative (44/46, 95.7%). One indirect assay, HISCL HTLV-1, could not detect one HTLV-positive specimen (45/46, 97.8%), but the updated product, UD1, correctly detected it (46/46, 100%). Serodia HTLV-I, based on a particle agglutination assay, resulted in 44 of the 46 positive specimens, but could not detect two specimens (44/46, 95.7%). ESPLINE HTLV-I/II, based on an immunochromatography assay (ICA), was able to diagnose all specimens as positive (46/46, 100%). Conclusions Six sandwich assays and an ICA demonstrated high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and are recommended for use in HTLV diagnosis in conjunction with confirmatory/discriminatory test using the INNO-LIA HTLV-I/II Score.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfectious Disease Modelling, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Publication date: Available online 20 June 2023 Source: Infectious Disease Modelling Author(s): Shihui Jin, Borame Lee Dickens, Jue Tao Lim, Alex R. Cook
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAnisha M. Thanki, Steven Hooton, Natasha Whenham, Michael G. Salter, Mike R. Bedford, Helen V. Masey O'Neill, Martha R. J. Clokie
Emerg Microbes Infect, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Yuying Liang
Virulence, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Raphael J. Landovitz, Hyman Scott, Steven G. Deeks
Nat Rev Microbiol, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Clinical Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundPreviously reported post hoc multivariable analyses exploring predictors of confirmed virologic failure (CVF) with cabotegravir + rilprivirine long-acting (CAB + RPV LA) were expanded to include data beyond Week 48, additional covariates, and additional participants.MethodsPooled data from 1651 participants were used to explore dosing regimen (every 4 or every 8 weeks), demographic, viral, and pharmacokinetic covariates as potential predictors of CVF. Prior dosing regimen experience was accounted for using two populations. Two models were conducted in each population – baseline factor analyses exploring factors known at baseline, and multivariable analyses exploring baseline factors plus post-baseline model-predicted CAB/RPV trough concentrations (4 and 44 weeks post injection). Retained factors were evaluated to understand their contribution to CVF (alone or in combination).ResultsOverall, 1.4% (n = 23/1651) of participants had CVF through 152 weeks. The presence of RPV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs), HIV-1 subtype A6/A1, and body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 were associated with an increased risk of CVF (p
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundStarting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) during primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection results in a smaller HIV-1 latent reservoir, reduced immune activation, and less viral diversity compared to starting cART during chronic infection. We report results of a four-year study designed to determine whether these properties would allow sustained virological suppression after simplification of cART to dolutegravir (DTG) monotherapy.MethodsEARLY-SIMPLIFIED is a randomized, open-label, noninferiority trial. People with HIV (PWH) who started cART
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundIndividuals who receive allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) are immunocompromised and at high risk for pneumococcal infections, especially in the months following transplant. This study evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of V114 (VAXNEUVANCE™), a 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV), when given to allo-HCT recipients.MethodsParticipants received 3 doses of V114 or PCV13 in one-month intervals starting 3-6 months after allo-HCT. Twelve months after HCT, participants received either PNEUMOVAXTM 23 or a fourth dose of PCV (if they experienced chronic graft versus host disease). Safety was evaluated as the proportion of participants with adverse events (AEs). Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring serotype-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) for all V114 serotypes in each vaccination group.ResultsA total of 274 participants were enrolled and vaccinated in the study. The proportions of participants with AEs and serious AEs were generally comparable between intervention groups, and the majority of AEs in both groups were of short duration and mild-to-moderate intensity. For both IgG GMCs and OPA GMTs, V114 was generally comparable to PCV13 for the 13 shared serotypes, and higher for serotypes 22F and 33F at Day 90.ConclusionsV114 was well tolerated in allo-HCT recipients with a generally comparable safety profile to PCV13. V114 induced comparable immune responses to PCV13 for the 13 shared serotypes, and higher for V114 serotypes 22F and 33F. Study results support use of V114 in allo-HCT recipients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractBackgroundPatients with antibody deficiency respond poorly to COVID-19 vaccination and are at risk of severe or prolonged infection. They are given long-term immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IRT) prepared from healthy donor plasma to confer passive immunity against infection. Following widespread COVID-19 vaccination alongside natural exposure, we hypothesised that immunoglobulin preparations will now contain neutralising SARS-CoV-2 spike antibodies which confer protection against COVID-19 disease and may help to treat chronic infection.MethodsWe evaluated anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody in a cohort of patients before and after immunoglobulin infusion. Neutralising capacity of patient samples and immunoglobulin products was assessed using in vitro pseudo-virus and live-virus neutralisation assays, the latter investigating multiple batches against current circulating omicron variants. We describe the clinical course of nine patients started on IRT during treatment of COVID-19.ResultsIn 35 individuals with antibody deficiency established on IRT, median anti-spike antibody titre increased from 2123 to 10600 U/ml post-infusion, with corresponding increase in pseudo-virus neutralisation titres to levels comparable to healthy donors. Testing immunoglobulin products directly in the live-virus assay confirmed neutralisation, including of BQ1.1 and XBB variants, but with variation between immunoglobulin products and batches.Initiation of IRT alongside Remdesivir in patients with antibody deficiency and prolonged COVID-19 infection (median 189 days, maximum over 900 days with an ancestral viral strain) resulted in clearance of SARS-CoV-2 virus at a median of 20 days.ConclusionsImmunoglobulin preparations now contain neutralising anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies which are transmitted to patients and help to treat COVID-19 in individuals with failure of humoral immunity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Xiaobo ZhouYingchun XuShengnan RenNingjie YangYang SunQibing YangYue ZhangHan CaiWenbo DengJingsi ChenDunjin ChenBin CaoHongbo QiHaibin WangJinhua LuaFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, ChinabDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, ChinacDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, ChinadDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedKuo LiuMuxue TangWei XuXinfeng MengHengwei JinMaoying HanJing PuYutang LiFanke JiaoRuilin SunRuling ShenKathy O. LuiLu LuBin ZhouaKey Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, School of Life Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 310024 Hangzhou, ChinabNew Cornerstone Science Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, ChinacKey Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission/Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Pathogenic Microbes and Infection, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, ChinadSchool of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, ChinaeShanghai Engineering Research Center for model organizations, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., 201318 Shanghai, ChinafShanghai Laboratory Animal Research Center, 201203 Shanghai, ChinagDepartment of Chemical Pathology, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, 999077 Hong Kong, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNathalie CoutryJulie NguyenSalima SoualhiFrançois GerbeVictoria MeslierValérie DardalhonMathieu AlmeidaBenoit QuinquisFlorence ThirionFabien HerbertImène GasmiAli LamraniAlicia GiordanoPierre CessesLaure GarnierSteeve ThirardDenis GreuetChantal CazevieilleFlorence BernexChristelle BressuireDouglas WintonIchiro MatsumotoHervé M. BlottièreNaomi TaylorPhilippe JayaInstitute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 34000 Montpellier, FrancebParis-Saclay University, Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement (INRAE), MetaGenoPolis, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, FrancecInstitut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 34000 Montpellier, FrancedInstitut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, FranceeRéseau d’Histologie Expérimentale de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, BioCampus, CNRS, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, FrancefParis-Saclay University, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Micalis Institute 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, FrancegCancer Research-UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United KingdomhMonell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104iNantes Université, INRAE, UR1280, PhAN, F-44000, Nantes, FrancejPediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJeremy P. H. WongMichaela Fischer-StettlerSamuel C. ZeemanTom J. BattinAlexandre PersataInstitute of Bioengineering and Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, SwitzerlandbSchool of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, SwitzerlandcDepartment of Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPooja SrinivasMeisam NosratiNatalia ZelinskayaDebayan DeyLindsay R. ComstockChristine M. DunhamGraeme L. ConnaDepartment of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322bGraduate Program in Molecular and Systems Pharmacology, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322cDepartment of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322dDepartment of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27101eEmory Antibiotic Resistance Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedQiang HuangPatrick J. LariviereJ. Elijah PowellNancy A. MoranaDepartment of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712bHoneybee Research Institute, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, ChinacDepartment of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYunlong LiRuyi ZhangYining WangPengfei LiYang LiHarry L. A. JanssenRobert A. de ManMaikel P. PeppelenboschXumin OuQiuwei PanaMedical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 450500 Kunming, Yunnan, ChinabDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3015GD Rotterdam, The NetherlandscToronto Centre for Liver Disease, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, M5G 2C4 ON, CanadadEngineering Research Center of Southwest Animal Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, 611130 Chengdu, Sichuan, ChinaeKey Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611830 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVilma UrbonaviciuteLaura Romero-CastilloBingze XuHuqiao LuoNadine SchneiderSylvia WeisseNhu-Nguyen DoAna Oliveira-CoelhoGonzalo Fernandez LahoreTaotao LiPierre SabatierChristian M. BeuschJohan ViljanenRoman A. ZubarevJan KihlbergJohan BäcklundHarald BurkhardtRikard HolmdahlaDivision for Medical Inflammation Research, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute 17177 Stockholm, SwedenbFraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP 60596 Frankfurt am Main, GermanycDivision of Physiological Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute 17176 Stockholm, SwedendDepartment of Chemistry-Biomedicinskt centrum (BMC), Uppsala University 752 37 Uppsala, SwedeneDepartment of Pharmacological & Technological Chemistry, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 119146 Moscow, RussiafDivision of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLuke B. HarrisonMarcel A. BehraDepartment of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3J1, CanadabMcGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H4A 3S5, Canada
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 25, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYihang Xie, Mei Yang, Peimei Zhou, Jiaming Fan, Sijie Zhou
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Zhengwei Wan, Jianhui Zhao, Liying Xu, Ping Sun, Ping Shuai, Kangning Li, Yixuan Zhang, Yan Chen, Qian Su, Xiaoqin Yao, Xue Li, Yuping Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Guiying Cao, Zirui Guo, Jue Liu, Min Liu
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Vincenzo Tragni, Ivan Mercurio, Diletta Pia Paoletti, Angelo Onofrio, Luna Laera, Lucas Cafferati Beltrame, Maria Noemi Sgobba, Lorenzo Guerra, Mariateresa Volpicella, Anna De Grassi, Gabriella Elia, Ciro Leonardo Pierri
Journal of Medical Virology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractDeveloping a vaccine to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and newborn disability requires an understanding of infection incidence. In a prospective cohort study of 363 adolescent girls (NCT01691820), CMV serostatus, primary infection, and secondary infection were determined in blood and urine samples collected at enrollment and every 4 months for 3 years. Baseline CMV seroprevalence was 58%. Primary infection occurred in 14.8% of seronegative girls. Among seropositive girls, 5.9% had ≥4-fold increase in anti-CMV antibody, and 23.9% shed CMV DNA in urine. Our findings provide insights on infection epidemiology and highlight the need for more standardized markers of secondary infection.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJi-Man Kang, Minsun Kang, Young-Eun Kim, Yoonkyung Choi, Soo Jeong An, Jaehyun Seong, Min Jin Go, Kyungmin Huh, Jaehun Jung
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Since the report of first cases in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become endemic, and many countries are shifting public health strategies from universal prevention and control to policies targeting people at an increased risk of developing severe COVID-19 [1, 2].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedYang Jiao, Junduo Zhao, Zhen Wang, Xin Chen, Haoyu Cai, Xu'an Huang, Peiyu Sun, Jiayi Shen, Fang Song, Hui Xiong, Yi Dai, Weiyun Chen, Jianxiong Shen
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Patients with orphan diseases were easily overlooked under the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with orphan diseases like spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are usually facing life-threatening challenges in the wintertime during the flu epidemic [1]. SMA is a progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by the deletion or mutation of the survival of the motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The prevalence of SMA in the population is estimated to be approximately 1/100000 [2]. Primary respiratory muscle weakness in patients with SMA results in cough impairment [3], poor discharge of airway secretions, and recurrent respiratory infections [4].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractBacteriophages (or phages) represent a persistent threat to the success and reliability of food fermentation processes. Recent reports of phages that infect Streptococcus thermophilus have highlighted the diversification of phages of this species. Phages of S. thermophilus typically exhibit a narrow range, a feature that is suggestive of diverse receptor moieties being presented on the cell surface of the host. Cell wall polysaccharides including rhamnose-glucose polysaccharides (RGP) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) have been implicated as being involved in the initial interactions with several phages of this species. Following internalisation of the phage genome, the host presents several defences including CRISPR-Cas and restriction and modification systems to limit phage proliferation. This review provides a current and holistic view of the interactions of phages and their S. thermophilus host cells and how this has influenced the diversity and evolution of both entities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedFEMS Microbiology Reviews, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractThe widespread bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP is responsible for regulating many important physiological functions such as biofilm formation, motility, cell differentiation, and virulence. The synthesis and degradation of c-di-GMP in bacterial cells depend, respectively, on diguanylate cyclases and c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterases. Since c-di-GMP metabolic enzymes (CMEs) are often fused to sensory domains, their activities are likely controlled by environmental signals, thereby altering cellular c-di-GMP levels and regulating bacterial adaptive behaviors. Previous studies on c-di-GMP-mediated regulation mainly focused on downstream signaling pathways, mainly including the identification of CMEs, cellular c-di-GMP receptors, and c-di-GMP-regulated processes. The mechanisms of CME regulation by upstream signaling modules received less attention, resulting in a limited understanding of the c-di-GMP regulatory networks. We review here the diversity of sensory domains related to bacterial CME regulation. We specifically discuss those domains that are capable of sensing gaseous or light signals and the mechanisms they use for regulating cellular c-di-GMP levels. It is hoped that this review would help refine the complete c-di-GMP regulatory networks and improve our understanding of bacterial behaviors in changing environments. In practical terms, this may eventually provide a way to control c-di-GMP-mediated bacterial biofilm formation and pathogenesis in general.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDaša Stupica, Stefan Collinet-Adler, Nataša Kejžar, Maša Velušček, Katarina Boršič
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Lyme borreliosis is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in Europe and North America [1]; an estimated ≈232,000 cases in Western Europe [2] and ≈476,000 cases in the US [3] are diagnosed per year and erythema migrans is its most frequent clinical presentation, occurring in ≥80% of cases [1,4]. In solitary erythema migrans (SEM), the skin manifestation remains localised to the site of inoculation of borreliae, whereas multiple erythema migrans (MEM) represent hematogenous dissemination of borreliae, which may occur in 13.4% to 27% of US cases [5‒7] and less frequently (up to 7%) in Europe [4,6].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSean W.X. Ong, Alice Zhabokritsky, Nick Daneman, Steven Y.C. Tong, Harindra C. Wijeysundera
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
The use of PET/CT in the evaluation of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) can improve diagnosis of infectious foci and guide clinical management. We aimed to evaluate the cost-utility of PET/CT among adults hospitalised with SAB.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedParham Sendi, Sandra Bliss Nelson, Alex Soriano, Brad Spellberg
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
What Time magazine initiated with the “person of the year” many decades ago has since been extended to numerous other domains (word of the year, game of the year, etc.). So, what is the motto of the year (or of the upcoming years) in infectious diseases? “Shorter is better” and “Oral is the new IV” are the leading candidates. While “shorter is better” was the theme in the February 2023 issue of Clinical Microbiology and Infection [1], “early switch from IV to oral antibiotics” is the theme of this issue [2-5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedClinical & Experimental Immunology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
AbstractMAS825, a bispecific IL-1⍰/IL-18 monoclonal antibody, could improve clinical outcomes in COVID19 pneumonia by reducing inflammasome-mediated inflammation. Hospitalized nonventilated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (n=138) were randomized (1:1) to receive MAS825 (10 mg/kg single i.v.) or placebo in addition to standard of care (SoC). The primary endpoint was the composite Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score on Day 15 or on day of discharge (whichever was earlier) with worst case imputation for death. Other study endpoints included safety, Creactive protein (CRP), SARS-CoV2 presence and inflammatory markers. On Day 15, the APACHE II score was 14.5±1.87 and 13.5±1.8 in the MAS825 and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.33). MAS825 + SoC led to 33% relative reduction in intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, ~1 day reduction in ICU stay, reduction in mean duration of oxygen support (13.5 versus 14.3 days) and earlier clearance of virus on Day 15 versus placebo + SoC group. On Day 15, compared with placebo group, patients treated with MAS825 + SoC showed a 51% decrease in CRP levels, 42% lower IL-6 levels, 19% decrease in neutrophil levels and 16% lower interferon-γ levels, indicative of IL-1β and IL-18 pathway engagement. MAS825 + SoC did not improve APACHE II score in hospitalized patients with severe COVID19 pneumonia; however, it inhibited relevant clinical and inflammatory pathway biomarkers and resulted in faster virus clearance versus placebo + SoC. MAS825 used in conjunction with SoC was well tolerated. None of the adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs were treatment-related.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSeale, H., Harris-Roxas, B., Mustafa, K., McDermid, P.
BMJ Open, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
ObjectivesThis review examined the factors influencing communication and engagement with ethnic and racial minority groups in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic. It aimed to answer two main questions: (1) what communication problems people from these communities typically faced during the pandemic? and (2) what strategies and recommendations were suggested to enhance communication and engagement for ethnic and racial minorities during the current COVID-19 pandemic and any similar events in the future? DesignScoping review. Data sourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PsychINFO and CINAHL. Grey literature was searched within organisations’ websites and a Google search of key terms. Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesWe included original research, case studies, reports (including government and charity reports), systematic and scoping articles and literature reviews in English, published from January 2020 to August 2022. Data extraction and synthesisTwo researchers independently assessed the literature for eligibility and extracted data from the included literature. The selected papers were analysed and summarised into themes relevant to the research questions. The final review included 38 studies combining published academic papers and grey literature. ResultsKey themes relating to communication and engagement issues included a lack of trust in authority, a lack of access to information and ineffective communication channels and a lack of timely and culturally responsive materials. To reduce the issues, the papers spoke about the key role of community organisations to provide local support and community leaders as trusted spokespersons. Lastly, key recommendations to reduce inequity and strengthen future pandemic responses focused on the need for collaborations and consultations, increasing the number of bilingual workers and supporting community-led communication efforts. ConclusionsThe insights gained from the activities and experiences documented in this review during the COVID-19 pandemic should be incorporated into future decision-making and interventions to enhance communication and engagement strategies.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHofman, H., Beeckman, D., Duljic, T., Al Gilani, S., Johansson, S., Kottner, J., Kinnaer, L.-M., Eriksson, M.
BMJ Open, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
IntroductionMedical adhesives are adhesives used in medical devices to establish and maintain contact with the body over a period of time (usually by application to the skin) and are widely used in most care settings. Application of medical adhesives to the skin can lead to skin stripping, mild or severe allergic reactions and skin irritation that may manifest as redness, itching or rash. Adhesive-related skin injury can lead to infection, delayed wound healing and an increased risk of scarring. These injuries can cause severe discomfort and pain, and can affect the patient’s quality of life. A systematic review summarising patient’s experiences on this topic will contribute to informing adhesive producers and policy makers, and guiding further development and improvement of available technologies. Methods and analysisThis systematic review protocol is based on the principles of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guideline. A systematic search will be conducted in CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO. In addition, manual searches will be performed, reviewing the reference lists of relevant reviews and articles included for quality assessment. Qualitative studies using various methods will be considered for inclusion. Screening of title, abstract and full text will be done by two reviewers. The methodological quality of studies under consideration will be critically assessed by two reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool for Qualitative Research. Data extraction will be performed independently by two reviewers using a predefined data extraction form. Meta-aggregation will be used to summarise the evidence. Ethics and disseminationNo ethical approval or consent is required because no participants will be recruited. This systematic review protocol is published in an open access journal to increase transparency of the research methods used. Results will be disseminated at national and international conferences.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAna Paula Menezes, Ana Milena Murillo, Camila Gachet de Castro, Natalia Karla Bellini, Luiz Ricardo Orsini Tosi, Otavio Henrique Thiemann, Maria Carolina Elias, Ariel Mariano Silber, Julia Pinheiro Chagas da Cunha
Trends in Parasitology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
The two main disease-causing trypanosomes (Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma brucei) are causative agents of Chagas disease and sleeping sickness (and nagana in cattle), respectively. They harbor genomic features that differ from those of other eukaryotic lineages; these unique features include polycistronic transcription units (PTUs) (see Glossary) which can include hundreds of genes, trans-splicing, and β-d-glucopyranosyloxymethyluracil (base J) (Figure 1). Furthermore, the absence of specific promoter regions upstream of each gene highlights the critical role of post-transcriptional mechanisms (based on trans-splicing, mRNA degradation, mRNA stabilization via RNA-binding proteins, mRNA granule sequestration, and translation) in regulating gene expression [1].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJing-Xin Li, Li-Hua Hou, Jin-Bo Gou, Zun-Dong Yin, Shi-Po Wu, Fu-Zhen Wang, Zhe Zhang, Zhi-Hang Peng, Tao Zhu, Hong-Bing Shen, Wei Chen, Feng-Cai Zhu, Six-Province COVID-19 Vaccine Study Group
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
The heterologous booster regimen with aerosolised Ad5-nCoV is safe and highly immunogenic, boosting both systemic and mucosal immunity against omicron subvariants.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDan Yamin, Matan Yechezkel, Ronen Arbel, Tanya Beckenstein, Ruslan Sergienko, Hadar Duskin-Bitan, Shlomit Yaron, Alon Peretz, Doron Netzer, Erez Shmueli
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
This study provides the necessary vaccine safety assurances for at-risk populations to receive timed roll-out booster vaccinations. These assurances could reduce vaccine hesitancy and increase the number of at-risk individuals who opt to become vaccinated, and thereby prevent the severe outcomes associated with COVID-19.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedAmir Teicher
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
The term super-spreader is used for multiple, and sometimes even conflicting, purposes. The reasons for this can be traced back to its complex history. Forerunners of the super-spreader concept—in discussions of so-called dangerous carriers and in analyses of explosive outbreaks during the early 20th century—revolved primarily around gastrointestinal diseases, not respiratory ones. In 1957–58, the H2N2 influenza pandemic and Wells and Riley\'s studies on tuberculosis drew attention to both the viability of airborne transmission and the existence of significant heterogeneity in infectivity.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMaryamsadat SeyedsadrYan WangManal ElzoheirySowmya Shree GopalSoohwa JangGayel DuranInna ChervonevaEzgi KasimoglouJohn A. WrobelDaniel HwangJames GarifallouXin ZhangTabish H. KhanUlrike LorenzMaureen SuJenny P. TingBieke BrouxAbdolmohamad RostamiDhanashri MiskinSilva Markovic-PleseaDepartment of Neurology, Neuroimmunology Division, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107bDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095cBiomedical Research Institute, Department of Immunology, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3590, BelgiumdDepartment of Pharmacology, Biostatistics, Physiology and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107eLinberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599fCenter for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104gDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27599hDivison of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: Immunology and Inflammation, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Volume 120, Issue 26, June 2023.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJunfei Ma, Shachinthaka D. Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage, Jie Hao, Ying Wang
Trends in Microbiology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Viroids are exogenous single-stranded circular noncoding RNAs that replicate in plants. Notably, viroids do not have a DNA phase in their life cycles. There are two viroid families: Pospiviroidae and Avsunviroidae. Members of the two families differ mainly in their genome structures, replication cycles, replication sites, and the presence or absence of ribozyme activity [1–3]. Currently, there are 39 formal members of Pospiviroidae [4] and five formal members of Avsunviroidae [5].
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZiyi Zhao, Yixue Hu, Yueming Hu, Aaron P. White, Yejun Wang
Trends in Microbiology, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Gram-negative bacteria have evolved multiple pathways to secrete proteins, facilitating their survival and interaction with their hosts and the environment [1]. T3SSs, T4SSs, and T6SSs can translocate proteins directly from the bacterial cytoplasm into eukaryotic host cells in one step [2]. The substrate proteins secreted by these pathways, also called effectors (see Glossary), exhibit a large diversity across bacterial species [1,2]. During the past three decades, multiple bioinformatic methods have been developed to investigate these proteins, assisting their identification, and exploration of their features and secretion mechanisms (Box 1).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Abstract Three-day artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is the current standard of care for the treatment of malaria. However, specific drug resistance associated with reduced efficacy of ACT has been observed, therefore necessitating the clinical development of new anti-malarial drugs and drug combinations. Previously, Single Encounter Radical Cure and Prophylaxis (SERCAP) has been proposed as ideal target-product-profile for any new anti-malarial drug regimen as this would improve treatment adherence besides ensuring complete cure and prevention of early reinfection. Arguably, this concept may not be ideal as it (1) necessitates administration of an excessively high dose of drug to achieve plasmodicidal plasma levels for a sufficient time span, (2) increases the risk for drug related adverse drug reactions, and (3) leaves the patient with a one-time opportunity to achieve—or not—cure by a single drug intake. Over the past years, SERCAP has led to the halt of promising drug development programmes, leading to potentially unnecessary attrition in the anti-malarial development pipeline. One proposition could be the concept of single-day multi-dose regimens as a potentially better alternative, as this allows to (1) administer a lower dose of the drug at each time-point leading to better tolerability and safety, (2) increase treatment adherence based on the intake of the anti-malarial drug within 24 h when malaria-related symptoms are still present, and (3) have more than one opportunity for adequate intake of the drug in case of early vomiting or other factors causing reduced bioavailability. In line with a recently published critical viewpoint on the concept of SERCAP, an alternative proposition is—in contrast to the current World Health Organization (WHO) treatment guidelines—to aim for less than three days, but still multiple-dose anti-malarial treatment regimens. This may help to strike the optimal balance between improving treatment adherence, maximizing treatment effectiveness, while keeping attrition of new drugs and drug regimens as low as possible.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023
Abstract Background The threat of malaria is still present in the world. Recognizing the type of parasite is important in determining a treatment plan. The golden routine involves microscopic diagnostics of Giemsa-stained thin blood smears, however, alternative methods are also constantly being sought, in order to gain an additional insight into the course of the disease. Spectroscopic methods, e.g., Raman spectroscopy, are becoming increasingly popular, due to the non-destructive nature of these techniques. Methods The study included patients hospitalized for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum or Plasmodium vivax, in the Department of Infectious Diseases at the University Hospital in Krakow, Poland, as well as healthy volunteers. The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of using Raman spectroscopy and 2D correlation (2D-COS) spectroscopy in understanding the structural changes in erythrocytes depending on the type of attacking parasite. EPR spectroscopy and two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) correlation was also used to examine the specificity of paramagnetic centres found in the infected human blood. Results Two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy facilitates the identification of the hidden relationship, allowing for the discrimination of Raman spectra obtained during the course of disease in human red blood cells, infected by P. falciparum or P. vivax. Synchronous cross-peaks indicate the processes taking place inside the erythrocyte during the export of the parasite protein towards the cell membrane. In contrast, moieties that generate asynchronous 2D cross-peaks are characteristic of the respective ligand-receptor domains. These changes observed during the course of the infection, have different dynamics for P. falciparum and P. vivax, as indicated by the asynchronous correlation cross-peaks. Two-trace two-dimensional (2T2D) spectroscopy, applied to EPR spectra of blood at the beginning of the infection, showed differences between P. falciparum and P. vivax. Conclusions A unique feature of 2D-COS is the ability to discriminate the collected Raman and EPR spectra. The changes observed during the course of a malaria infection have different dynamics for P. falciparum and P. vivax, indicated by the reverse sequence of events. For each type of parasite, a specific recycling process for iron was observed in the infected blood. Graphical Abstract
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJacob M. Garrigues, Peera Hemarajata, Abraar Karan, Naman K. Shah, Jemma Alarcón, Amy N. Marutani, Lauren Finn, Todd G. Smith, Crystal M. Gigante, Whitni Davidson, Nhien T. Wynn, Christina L. Hutson, Moon Kim, Dawn Terashita, Sharon E. Balter, Nicole M. GreenaLos Angeles County Department of Public Health, Downey, California, USAbStanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USAcCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 21.06.2023
Tilføjet 21.06.2023