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Nor Azila Muhammad Azami, David Perera, Ravindran Thayan, Sazaly Abu Bakar, I-Ching Sam, Mohd Zaki Salleh, Mohd Noor Mat Isa, Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib, Wong Kiing Aik, Jeyanthi Suppiah, Kim-Kee Tan, Yoke Fun Chan, Lay Kek Teh, Ghows Azzam, Zahirrah Begam Mohamed Rasheed, Jonathan Chia Jui Chan, Khayri Azizi Kamel, Jia-Yi Tan, Omar Khalilur Rahman, Wai Feng Lim, Nor Azfa Johari, Muhiddin Ishak, Ryia Illani Mohd Yunos, Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir, Jo-Ern Wong, Jolene Yin Ling Fu, Mohd Nur Fakhruzzaman Noorizhab, Irni Suhayu Sapian, Mira Farzana Mohamad Mokhtar, Nur Alyaa Afifah Md Shahri, Khairun Nur Abdul Ghafar, Siti Nur Hasanah Mohd Yusuf, Yusuf Muhammad Noor, Rahman Jamal, Malaysia COVID-19 Genomics Surveillance Consortium
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
Tsepo Ramatla, Mpho Tawana, Malekoba B.N. Mphuthi, ThankGod E. Onyiche, Kgaugelo E. Lekota, Maropeng C. Monyama, Rendani Ndou, Carlos Bezuidenhout, Oriel Thekisoe
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 3.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
Ming Zheng
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
As of October 28, 2022, there were 634,725,675 confirmed cases and 6,589,734 deaths attributed to COVID-19 (https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/) worldwide. Around 614 million COVID-19 patients have recovered, and more patients will return home and work after recovery. In China, recovered COVID-19 patients have frequently suffered stigma and discrimination in daily life and at work. In a quantitative study of 2377 participants in China, 79.76% of the participants displayed discrimination against recovered COVID-19 patients.[1] In the early stage of the pandemic, COVID-19 survivors were not allowed to enter public places, including restaurants, shops, and public transports.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedParaskevi C. Fragkou, Charalampos D. Moschopoulos, Dimitra Dimopoulou, David S.Y. Ong, Konstantina Dimopoulou, Philipp P. Nelson, Valentijn A. Schweitzer, Hannah Janocha, Emmanouil Karofylakis, Konstantinos A. Papathanasiou, Sotirios Tsiodras, Giulia De Angelis, Clemens Thölken, Maurizio Sanguinetti, Ho-Ryun Chung, Chrysanthi Skevaki, ESCMID Study Group for Respiratory Viruses (ESGREV)
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 3.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
Summary: We systematically analyzed the performance of molecular and antigen-based point of care tests (POCTs) for SARS-CoV-2. The pooled sensitivity and specificity rates for molecular and antigen POCTs were 92.8% (95%CI:88.9%-95.4%) and 97.6% (95%CI:96.6%-98.3%) and 70.6% (95%CI:67.2%-73.8%) and 98.9% (95%CI:98.5%-99.2%), respectively.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedPonta Giacomo, Ranzenigo Martina, Marzi Alessandra, Oltolini Chiara, Tassan Din Chiara, Spagnuolo Vincenzo, Mazzone Patrizio, Carletti Silvia, Mancini Nicasio, Uberti-Foppa Caterina, Della Bella Paolo, Scarpellini Paolo, Castagna Antonella, Ripa Marco
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
The need for starting antimicrobial therapy before device removal in cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIED) infections is still a matter of debate due to the lack of randomized controlled trials. Most of the current knowledge comes from case series, retrospective studies, pharmacological data, and expert opinions. [1-4] The aim of our study was to analyse the impact of antimicrobial therapy on the microbiological yield in patients who started antimicrobials before (PRE) or after (POST) CIED removal.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedZohar Shmuelian, Yehuda Warszawer, Omri Or, Sagit Arbel‐Alon, Hilla Giladi, Meytal Avgil Tsadok, Roy Cohen, Galit Shefer, Dekel Shlomi, Moshe Hoshen, Antonello Maruotti, Giovanna Jona‐Lasinio, Eithan Galun
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
Ewelina Hallmann, Dominika Sikora, Barbara Poniedziałek, Karol Szymański, Katarzyna Kondratiuk, Jakub Żurawski, Lidia Brydak, Piotr Rzymski
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
Joachim Rosenbauer, Anna Stahl‐Pehe, Sabrina Schlesinger, Oliver Kuß
Journal of Medical Virology, 3.11.2022
Tilføjet 3.11.2022
Marwa El Baldi, Amina Laghrissi, Zakia Marso, Fatima Zahra Chellat, Mohamed Berraho, Nabil Tachfouti, Samira El Fakir, Soufiane Mellas, Amar Mohamed Fahd, Jamal kohen, Fouad Boulaguige, Jamal Naamane, Khalid Lahmadi, Karima El Rhazi
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Marwa El Baldi, Amina Laghrissi, Zakia Marso, Fatima Zahra Chellat, Mohamed Berraho, Nabil Tachfouti, Samira El Fakir, Soufiane Mellas, Amar Mohamed Fahd, Jamal kohen, Fouad Boulaguige, Jamal Naamane, Khalid Lahmadi, Karima El Rhazi
Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged and spread rapidly worldwide and established a global public health crisis in early 2020. The first Moroccan case was reported on March 2, 2020. Since then, healthcare workers (HCWs) played a major role in saving human lives threatened by COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19 infection among Moroccan physicians and to report associated risk factors prior vaccination campaign. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Fez-Meknes region of Morocco, 545 physicians’ data was collected using a self-reported online questionnaire. The data collection was done between December 1, 2020, and February 1, 2021. Results The prevalence of COVID-19 among physicians was 27.3%. The mean age of the confirmed COVID-19 group was 38.4±12.9 years old. There was no association between COVID-19 infection and preventive measures compliance by physicians and healthcare authorities in the workplace. However, multivariate analysis strengthened the following factors such as increased risk of COVID-19 infection within men ☯aOR:1.896; 95% IC 1.272–2.828; p = 0.002]; the presence of at least one comorbidity ☯aOR:2.268; 95%IC 1.414–3.637; p = 0.001]; and working at a university or military hospitals ☯aOR:2.578; 95%IC 1.667–3.989; p = 0.001]. Conclusion This study allows comparing COVID-19 prevalence among healthcare workers before and after vaccination programs. This should support better preparation strategy for any future pandemics with appropriate and increased awareness for men, carrying comorbidity, and working environment with high COVID-19 disease management.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDuriya Charypkhan, Simon R. Rüegg
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Duriya Charypkhan, Simon R. Rüegg
Brucellosis is one of the main livestock disease risks in Kazakhstan. It’s been endemic there since 1930, accounting for over 1300 human cases per annum. The economic loss was 45 million USD in 2015 alone. Since 1952, Kazakhstan has implemented various control strategies with little success. One Health approaches have been suggested to tackle brucellosis, however, there is a lack of evidence for best practices to operationalise One Health in the literature, and methods for implementation are not established. The intention of this study was to introduce the One Health approach during the evaluation phase of the policy cycle. A two-day workshop was organized by the authors to familiarize participants with the evaluation methodology. Twenty-one specialists representing veterinary and public health sector, together with researchers, took part in this study. For two weeks following the workshop, first author conducted individual interviews with workshop participants to obtain individual scorings to assess knowledge integration capacity (One Health-ness). The evaluation results show that there is a lack of knowledge about the perceived damage caused by brucellosis to animal owners and other stakeholders. There is insufficient data available about farmers’ practices, interests and motivations, and also data is missing for important transmission processes such as the amount of unsafe dairy consumption. The absence of such data illustrates the extent of the uncertainty to which decision-makers are exposed despite well-elaborated transmission models and supports the importance of co-producing solutions with participatory methods. The results suggest the need for broader involvement of stakeholders. Outputs of this study could help navigate the initial stages of One Health operationalization.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedVaitiare Mulderij-Jansen, Prachi Pundir, Maria E. Grillet, Theophilus Lakiang, Izzy Gerstenbluth, Ashley Duits, Adriana Tami, Ajay Bailey
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Vaitiare Mulderij-Jansen, Prachi Pundir, Maria E. Grillet, Theophilus Lakiang, Izzy Gerstenbluth, Ashley Duits, Adriana Tami, Ajay Bailey
Background Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus are primary vectors of emerging or re-emerging arboviruses that threaten public health worldwide. Many efforts have been made to develop interventions to control these Aedes species populations. Still, countries in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region struggle to create/design/develop sustainable and effective control strategies. This scoping review synthesises evidence concerning the effectiveness of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus prevention and control interventions performed in LAC (2000–2021). The findings can be used to evaluate, compare and develop more effective control strategies. Methodology The review is based on the methodology by Joanna Briggs Institute for conducting a scoping review. The MEDLINE (via PubMed and Web of Science), Cochrane Library, Scopus, EMBASE and ScienceDirect databases were used to search for articles. Grey literature was searched from governmental and non-governmental organisation websites. Four reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and full-text of the articles using the Rayyan web application, based on pre-defined eligibility criteria. Results A total of 122 publications were included in the review. Most studies focused on dengue virus infection and data on Ae. aegypti. Entomological data were mainly used to determine the intervention’s effectiveness. An integrated control intervention was the most commonly employed strategy in both regions. Biological control measures, environmental management, and health education campaigns on community participation achieved more sustainable results than an intervention where only a chemical control measure was used. Challenges to implementing interventions were insufficient financial support, resources, workforce, intersectoral collaboration and legislation. Conclusions Based on the synthesised data, an integrated vector (Aedes) management focused on community participation seems to be the most effective approach to mitigate Aedes-borne infectious diseases. Maintaining the approach’s effect remains challenging as it requires multisectoral and multi-disciplinary team engagement and active community participation. Future research needs to address the barriers to program implementation and maintenance as data on this topic is lacking.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSanne Raghoebar, Joyce Delnoij, Bart A. Kamphorst, Henk Broekhuizen
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Sanne Raghoebar, Joyce Delnoij, Bart A. Kamphorst, Henk Broekhuizen
Introduction Adherence to behavioral measures such as physical distancing are key to mitigating the effects of viral pandemics such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Adherence depends in part on people’s perception of what others do (descriptive norms) or approve of (injunctive norms). This study examines the effects that exposure to images depicting people following or breaking physical distancing rules have on perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms and subsequent adherence behavior. Methods An online between-subjects experiment (n = 315) was conducted, in which participants were exposed to a set of five photographs of different public spaces in which people either did or did not adhere to physical distancing rules (pre-registration: https://www.osf.io/uek2p). Participants’ adherence behavior was measured using a triangulation of measures (incentivized online behavioral task, vignettes, intention measure). Perceptions of relevant social norms were also measured. Results Mann-Whitney tests showed no effects of condition on perceptions of descriptive and injunctive norms or on adherence behavior. Linear regressions showed that both component paths of the indirect effect (condition on norm perceptions, and norm perceptions on adherence behavior) were non-significant, hence mediation analyses were not conducted. Conclusions Exposure to images of people following (compared to breaking) physical distancing rules did not affect adherence to such rules or perceived norms. We surmise that a single exposure to such images, especially in the context of COVID-19, is insufficient to affect behavior. We therefore recommend performing a comparable experiment in which participants are exposed repeatedly to images showing people (non)adhering to a specific behavior in a particular context for a longer period.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedTheresa Kirchner, Sophia Heinrich, Agnes Bonifacius, Bastian Engel, Louisa Ruhl, Isabell Pink, Nele Thomas, Joerg Martens, Marius M. Hoeper, Rainer Blasczyk, Heiner Wedemeyer, Elmar Jaeckel, Yang Li, Christine S. Falk, Britta Eiz-Vesper, Richard Taubert
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Theresa Kirchner, Sophia Heinrich, Agnes Bonifacius, Bastian Engel, Louisa Ruhl, Isabell Pink, Nele Thomas, Joerg Martens, Marius M. Hoeper, Rainer Blasczyk, Heiner Wedemeyer, Elmar Jaeckel, Yang Li, Christine S. Falk, Britta Eiz-Vesper, Richard Taubert
Mortality due to COVID-19 is not increased in immunosuppressed individuals after liver transplantation (OLT) compared to individuals without immunosuppression. Data on long-term protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in immunosuppressed convalescents, is limited. We prospectively measured immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 by quantifying antibodies against 4 different antigens (spike protein 1 and 2, receptor binding domain, nucleocapsid) and T cell responses by IFN-γ ELISPOT against 4 antigens (membrane, nucleocapsid, spike protein 1 and 2) in 24 OLT convalescents with immunosuppressive therapy longitudinally in the first year after COVID-19 including a booster vaccination in comparison to a matched cohort of non-immunosuppressed convalescents (non-IS-Con). Pre-pandemic OLT samples were retrieved from our prospective OLT biorepository (n = 16). No relevant T cell reactivity or immunoglobulin G (IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 were detectable in pre-pandemic samples of OLT recipients despite reactivity against endemic corona-viruses. OLT convalescents had a lower prevalence of IgG against nucleocapsid (54% vs. 90%) but not against spike protein domains (98–100% vs. 100%) after vaccination in the second half-year after COVID-19 compared to non-IS-Con. Also, concentrations of anti-nucleocapsid IgG were lower in OLT convalescents than in non-IS-Con. Concentration of IgG against spike protein domains was significantly increased by a booster vaccination in OLT convalescents. But concentration of IgG against two of three spike protein domains remains slightly lower compared to non-IS-Con finally. However, none of these differences was mirrored by the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that remained stable during the first year after COVID-19 and was not further stimulated by a corona vaccination in OLT convalescents. In conclusion, despite lower concentrations of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG in OLT convalescents anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular immunity was as robust as in non-IS-Con.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSunil Thomas, Giancarlo Mercogliano, George C. Prendergast
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Sunil Thomas, Giancarlo Mercogliano, George C. Prendergast
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a common chronic disease of the large intestine. Current anti-inflammatory drugs prescribed to treat this disease have limited utility due to significant side-effects. Thus, immunotherapies for UC treatment are still sought. In the DSS mouse model of UC, we recently demonstrated that systemic administration of the Bin1 monoclonal antibody 99D (Bin1 mAb) developed in our laboratory was sufficient to reinforce intestinal barrier function and preserve an intact colonic mucosa, compared to control subjects which displayed severe mucosal lesions, high-level neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration of mucosal and submucosal areas, and loss of crypts. A dysbiotic microbiome may lead to UC. We determined the effects of Bin1 mAb on the gut microbiome and colonic neurons and correlated the benefits of immunotherapeutic treatment. In the DSS model, we found that induction of UC was associated with disintegration of enteric neurons and elevated levels of glial cells, which translocated to the muscularis at distinct sites. Further, we characterized an altered gut microbiome in DSS treated mice associated with pathogenic proinflammatory characters. Both of these features of UC induction were normalized by Bin1 mAb treatment. With regard to microbiome changes, we observed in particular, increase in Enterobacteriaceae; whereas Firmicutes were eliminated by UC induction and Bin1 mAb treatment restored this phylum including the genus Lactobacillus. Overall, our findings suggest that the intestinal barrier function restored by Bin1 immunotherapy in the DSS model of UC is associated with an improvement in the gut microbiome and preservation of enteric neurons, contributing overall to a healthy intestinal tract.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDawit Getachew, Tewodros Yosef, Nahom Solomon, Melkamsew Tesfaye, Eyob Bekele
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Dawit Getachew, Tewodros Yosef, Nahom Solomon, Melkamsew Tesfaye, Eyob Bekele
Introduction Medical students are among the potential risky population for the transmission of COVID 19 infections; their willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine is not well studied. Thus, this study assessed Predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines among Ethiopian Medical students. Methods From the 25th of May, 2020 to the 26th of June, 2021, an institution-based cross-sectional study was done at Mizan-Tepi University Teaching Hospital,On 313 medical students from each department and batch were chosen using a multistage sampling approach. A bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were done to identify the predictors of Unwillingness to receive COVID -19 vaccines. Figures, tables, and graphs were used to present the findings. The adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were provided. Results In this study 124 (40.7%) 95% CI (35.1,46.4) medical students were not willing to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. And also increased in the age of the student[AOR 0.43, 95% CI; (.29,.63)], Knowledge status about COVID 19 infection transmission, risk factors and control behavior[AOR 1.45, 95% CI; (1.14, 1.85)], perceived susceptibility to COVID 19 infection [AOR 1.70 (1.15, 2.51)], perceived severity of COVID 19 infection[AOR 1.26 (1.01, 1.57)], perceived benefit of COVID 19 vaccine [AOR .58(.38, .88)], positive attitude towards COVID 19 vaccines [AOR .46(.35, .62)], and confidence in safety and efficacy of the vaccine and public authorities decissin in the best interest of the community [AOR 1.93(1.24, 2.99)] were predictors of non-willingness to receive COVID 19 vaccine. Conclusion Non-willingness to accept the COVID 19 vaccine was predicted by student age, elements in the Health belief model such as anticipated susceptibility, severity, and benefit, and a positive attitude and trust in the vaccine.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedThomas M. Crea, K. Megan Collier, Elizabeth K. Klein, Stephen Sevalie, Bailah Molleh, Yusuf Kabba, Abdulai Kargbo, Joseph Bangura, Henry Gbettu, Stewart Simms, Clara O’Leary, Stacy Drury, John S. Schieffelin, Theresa S. Betancourt
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Thomas M. Crea, K. Megan Collier, Elizabeth K. Klein, Stephen Sevalie, Bailah Molleh, Yusuf Kabba, Abdulai Kargbo, Joseph Bangura, Henry Gbettu, Stewart Simms, Clara O’Leary, Stacy Drury, John S. Schieffelin, Theresa S. Betancourt
Background The 2013–2016 Ebola virus disease (EVD) epidemic resulted in more infections and deaths than all prior outbreaks in the 40-year history of this virus combined. This study examines how experiences of EVD infection, and preventive measures such as social distancing, were linked to experiences of stigma and social exclusion among those reintegrating into their communities. Methods Key informant interviews (n = 42) and focus group discussions (n = 27) were conducted in districts with a high prevalence of EVD and representing geographical and ethnic diversity (n = 228 participants). The final sample was composed of adults (52%) and children (48%) who were EVD-infected (46%) and -affected (42%) individuals, and community leaders (12%). Data were coded using a Grounded Theory approach informed by Thematic Content Analysis, and analyzed using NVivo. Interrater reliability was high, with Cohen’s κ = 0.80 or higher. Findings Participants described two main sources of EVD-related stress: isolation from the community because of social distancing and other prevention measures such as quarantine, and stigma related to infected or affected status. Participants linked experiences of social isolation and stigma to significant distress and feelings of ostracization. These experiences were particularly pronounced among children. Sources of support included community reintegration over time, and formal community efforts to provide education and establish protection bylaws. Interpretation This study found that social distancing and EVD-related stigma were each prominent sources of distress among participants. These results suggest that isolation because of infection, and the enduring stigmatization of infected individuals and their families, demand coordinated responses to prevent and mitigate additional psychosocial harm. Such responses should include close engagement with community leaders to combat misinformation and promote community reintegration.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBalnur Iskakova, Zhamilya Nugmanova, Recai Murat Yucel, Kristi E. Gamarel, Elizabeth J. King
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Balnur Iskakova, Zhamilya Nugmanova, Recai Murat Yucel, Kristi E. Gamarel, Elizabeth J. King
The HIV epidemic continues to grow in Kazakhstan and HIV stigma remains a major barrier to HIV prevention and treatment in the country. HIV stigma in healthcare setting may also discourage people living with HIV (PLHIV) from getting the care needed. Therefore, studying the attitudes of healthcare workers towards PLHIV is important and requires well-constructed measurement tools adapted to the specific cultural context. In our study, we aimed to adapt and re-validate a brief questionnaire on HIV stigma among healthcare workers in Almaty, Kazakhstan. We held focus group discussions to obtain input on an existing questionnaire and surveyed 448 primary healthcare providers to psychometrically evaluate the scale. The final HIV-stigma scale consisted of 15 items, 6 of them measuring negative opinions about PLHIV and the rest assessing stigmatizing health facility policies towards PLHIV. Both HIV-stigma subscales demons6trated adequate psychometric properties (with Cronbach’s alpha α = 0.57 for the first and α = 0.86 for the second subscale, and with factor loadings >0.35 within each subscale). High numbers of respondents holding negative attitudes towards PLHIV, detected in this sample (87%; n = 380), may suggest the need for immediate actions addressing HIV stigma in healthcare in Kazakhstan.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIshbel Orla Whitehead, Suzanne Moffatt, Carol Jagger, Barbara Hanratty
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Ishbel Orla Whitehead, Suzanne Moffatt, Carol Jagger, Barbara Hanratty
Objectives To quantify the burnout and spiritual health of general practitioners (GPs) in the United Kingdom (UK) who worked during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Design Online survey, April/May 2021, distributed via emails to general practices, Clinical Commissioning Groups (CCGs), Health boards, Clinical Research Networks, professional groups, social media GP groups and networks. Setting United Kingdom. Participants 1318 GPs who had worked in the National Health Service (NHS) during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 –May 2021). Main outcome measures Burnout scores, measured by the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) for Medical Personnel; spiritual health, measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy—Spiritual Well-Being, Non-Illness (FACIT-SP-NI). Results 19% of surveyed GPs were at the highest risk for burnout, using accepted MBI ‘cut off’ levels. There was no evidence of a difference in burnout by gender, ethnicity, or length of service. GP burnout was associated with GP spiritual health, regardless of identification with a religion. GPs with low spiritual health were five times more likely to be in the highest risk group for burnout. Conclusions Burnout is at crisis levels amongst GPs in the UK NHS. A comprehensive response is required, identifying protective and precipitating factors for burnout. The potentially protective impact of spiritual health merits further investigation.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSarah Hawi Ngere, Victor Akelo, Ken Ondeng’e, Renee Ridzon, Peter Otieno, Maryanne Nyanjom, Richard Omore, Beth A. Tippett Barr
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Sarah Hawi Ngere, Victor Akelo, Ken Ondeng’e, Renee Ridzon, Peter Otieno, Maryanne Nyanjom, Richard Omore, Beth A. Tippett Barr
Background Approximately 80% of the population residing in sub-Saharan Africa relies on Traditional Medicine (TM). However, literature on factors motivating the use of TM for children under the age of five in these settings is limited. Such information can guide policy formulation for integration of TM into mainstream health care services. This study aimed to describe the motivation on use of TM among caregivers of children residing in rural and urban communities in western Kenya. Methods The socio-behavioral sciences (SBS) arm of the Child Health and Mortality Prevention Surveillance (CHAMPS) program in western Kenya, conducted a cross-sectional qualitative study in Manyatta—an urban informal settlement located in Kisumu town and Karemo—a rural setting in Siaya County. We performed 29 in-depth interviews, 5 focus group discussions and 11 semi-structured interviews with community representatives (n = 53), health workers (n = 17), and community leaders (n = 18). All the participants were purposively sampled. We performed thematic analysis using both inductive and deductive approaches. Data management was completed on Nvivo 11.0 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). Results Our findings reveal that some caregivers prefer TM to treat some childhood diseases. Use of TM was informed by illness beliefs about etiology of disease. We observed an appreciation from the study participants that malaria can effectively be treated by Conventional Medicine (CM) while TM was preferred to treat measles and diseases believed to be associated with supernatural etiology such as witchcraft, evil spirit or breaching cultural taboos. TM was also used in instances where CM failed to provide a diagnosis or when CM was ‘slow’. TM in such cases was used as a last resort. Conclusion We observed varied beliefs that motivate caregivers’ choice of TM use among children in western Kenya. It is therefore crucial to consider perceptions and socio-cultural beliefs about illnesses when formulating interventions that are geared towards child health.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHoward W. Bruckner, Fred Bassali, Elisheva Dusowitz, Daniel Gurell, Abe Book, Robert De Jager
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Howard W. Bruckner, Fred Bassali, Elisheva Dusowitz, Daniel Gurell, Abe Book, Robert De Jager
Background Patients have difficult unmet needs when standard chemotherapy produces a median survival of less than 1 year or many patients will experience severe toxicities. Blood tests can predict their survival. Methods Analyses evaluate predictive blood tests to identify patients who often survive 1 and 2 years. A four-test model includes: albumin, absolute neutrophil count, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio. Individual tests include: alkaline phosphatase, lymphocytes, white blood count, platelet count, and hemoglobin. Eligible patients have advanced: resistant 3rd line colorectal, and both resistant and new pancreatic and intrahepatic bile duct cancers. Eligibility characteristics include: biopsy-proven, measurable metastatic disease, NCI grade 0–2 blood tests, Karnofsky Score 100–50, and any adult age. Drugs are given at 1/4–1/3 of their standard dosages biweekly: gemcitabine, irinotecan, fluorouracil, leucovorin, and day 2 oxaliplatin every 2 weeks. In case of progression, Docetaxel is added (except colon cancer), with or without Mitomycin C, and next cetuximab (except pancreatic and KRAS BRAF mutation cancers). Bevacizumab is substituted for cetuximab in case of another progression or ineligibility. Consent was written and conforms with Helsinki, IRB, and FDA criteria (FDA #119005). Results Median survival is 14.5 months. Of 205 patients, 60% survive 12, and 37% survive 24 months (95% CI ± 8%). Survival is > 24, 13, and 3.8 months for patients with 0, 1–2, and 3–4 unfavorable tests, respectively. Individual “favorable and unfavorable” tests predict long and short survival. Neither age nor prior therapy discernibly affects survival. Net rates of clinically significant toxicities are less than 5%. Conclusion Treatments reproduce predictable, greater than 12 and 24-month chances of survival for the aged and for patients with drug-resistant tumors. Evaluation of blood tests may change practice, expand eligibility, and personalize treatments. Findings support investigation of drug combinations and novel dosages to reverse resistance and improve safety.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDonna L. Hartz, Sally K. Tracy, Sally Pairman, Ann Yates, Charlotte Renard, Pat Brodie, Sue Kildea
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
by Donna L. Hartz, Sally K. Tracy, Sally Pairman, Ann Yates, Charlotte Renard, Pat Brodie, Sue Kildea
Background Maternity services around the world have been disrupted since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The International Confederation of Midwives (ICM) representing one hundred and forty-three professional midwifery associations across the world sought to understand the impact of the pandemic on women and midwives. Aim The aim of this study was to understand the global impact of COVID-19 from the point of view of midwives’ associations. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey using an on-line questionnaire was sent via email to every midwives’ association member of ICM. Survey instrument The survey was developed and tested by a small global team of midwife researchers and clinicians. It consisted of 106 questions divided into seven discreet sections. Each member association was invited to make one response in either English, French or Spanish. Results Data were collected between July 2020 and April 2021. All respondents fulfilling the inclusion criteria irrespective of whether they completed all questions in the survey were eligible for analysis. All data collected was anonymous. There were 101 surveys returned from the 143 member associations across the world. Many countries reported being caught unaware of the severity of the infection and in some places, midwives were forced to make their own PPE, or reuse single use PPE. Disruption to maternity services meant women had to change their plans for place of birth; and in many countries maternity facilities were closed to become COVID-19 centres. Half of all respondents stated that women were afraid to give birth in hospitals during the pandemic resulting in increased demand for home birth and community midwifery. Midwifery students were denied access to practical or clinical placements and their registration as midwives has been delayed in many countries. More than 50% of the associations reported that governments did not consult them, and they have little or no say in policy at government levels. These poor outcomes were not exclusive to high-, middle- or low-income countries. Conclusions Strong recommendations that stem from this research include the need to include midwifery representation on key government committees and a need to increase the support for planned out of hospital birth. Both these recommendations stand to enhance the effectiveness of midwives in a world that continues to face and may face future catastrophic pandemics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMelissa N. Webby, Abraham O. Oluwole, Conrado Pedebos, Patrick G. Inns, Anna Olerinyova, Dheeraj Prakaash, Nicholas G. Housden, Georgina Benn, Dawei Sun, Bart W. Hoogenboom, Philipp Kukura, Shabaz Mohammed, Carol V. Robinson, Syma Khalid, Colin Kleanthous
Science Advances, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Matthew N. Hayek
Science Advances, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Peter J. Hotez
Nat Rev Microbiol, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 02 November 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00824-8Global COVID-19 vaccine equity remains aspirational for much of the world. But the emergence of rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants provides new opportunities to correct past public policies, support local vaccine production and combat rising anti-vaccine aggression.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDinkorma T. Ouologuem, Laurent Dembele, Antoine Dara, Aminatou K. Kone, Nouhoum Diallo, Cheick P. O. Sangare, Fatoumata I. Ballo, François Dao, Siaka Goita, Aboubecrin S. Haidara, Aliou Traore, Amadou B. Niangaly, Souleymane Dama, Sekou Sissoko, Fanta Sogore, Jacob N. Dara, Yacouba N. Barre, Amadou Daou, Fatoumata Cisse, Ousmaila Diakite, Diagassan Doumbia, Sekou Koumare, Bakary Fofana, Fatalmoudou Tandina, Daman Sylla, Adama Sacko, Mamadou Coulibaly, Mamadou M. Tekete, Amed Ouattara, Abdoulaye A. Djimde aMalaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques, and Technologies of Bamako, Bamako, Mali bCenter for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Thanh Quang Nguyen, Bui Thi Bich Hanh, Seunghyeon Jeon, Bo Eun Heo, Yujin Park, Arunima Choudhary, Cheol Moon, Jichan Jang aDivision of Life Science, Department of Bio & Medical Big Data (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National Universitygrid.256681.e, Jinju, South Korea bDivision of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National Universitygrid.256681.e, Jinju, South Korea cDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Science, Semyung University, Jecheon, South Korea
Antimicrobial Agents And Chemotherapy, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Ashley Nicole Greenawalt, Julie Stoudenmire, Karl Lundquist, Nicholas Noinaj, James C. Gumbart, Cynthia Nau Cornelissen aCenter for Translational Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State Universitygrid.256304.6, Atlanta, Georgia, USA bMarkey Center for Structural Biology, Department of Biological Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA cPurdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA dDepartment of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA eSchool of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technologygrid.213917.f, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Andreas J. Bäumler
Infection and Immunity, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Erion Lipo, Seblewongel Asrat, Wenwen Huo, Asaf Sol, Christopher S. Fraser, Ralph R. Isberg aProgram in Genetics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA bProgram in Molecular Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA cDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA dDepartment of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA, Craig R. Roy
Infection and Immunity, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Caitlin M. McManus, Tiffany Bouchery, Mona Suleiman, Anna O. Kildemoes, Annabel Ferguson, Tao Wang, Conor M. Finlay, Ryan Chan, Tess Renahan, Ananya Mukundan, Gyaviira Nkurunungi, Sarah D. Bobardt
Trends in Parasitology, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
The Hydra helminth conference series, formally titled ‘Parasitic Helminths: New Perspectives in Biology and Infection’, has been serving the community of helminth research as a platform for interactive discussions and collaboration opportunities since its original launch in 1997. After a break in 2020 and 2021 due to the pandemic, this long-awaited conference returned at the Bratsera Hotel in Hydra, Greece, from August 28 to 2 September this year, with 100 delegates from 19 countries across the globe.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGatti, C. A., Parker-Conway, K., Okorie, M.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Objectives
The interim Foundation Year 1 (FiY1) post was created in response to the COVID-19 pandemic to help bolster the workforce and manage increased clinical pressures. This study aimed to assess the impact of the FiY1 post on medical graduates’ self-reported confidence in common tasks, core skills, competencies and procedures prior to starting FY1, as a measure of increasing preparedness for practice.
Setting
A longitudinal survey was performed at a tertiary teaching hospital in the South East of England. FiY1 posts ran from June to July 2020.
Participants
Questionnaires were sent to 122 medical graduates from a single medical school (recipients included FiY1s and non-FiY1s) and to 69 FiY1s at a single Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, irrespective of medical school attended. Initial and follow-up questionnaires had 86 and 62 respondents, respectively. Of these, 39 graduates were matched; 26 were FiY1s and 13 non-FiY1s. The 39 matched results were analysed.
Primary outcome measures
Confidence levels in common FY1 tasks, core procedures and competencies were gathered before and after the FiY1 post through online questionnaires. Change in confidence comparing FiY1s and non-FiY1s was measured and analysed using linear regression.
Results
On a 5-point scale, the FiY1 post increased overall confidence in starting FY1 by 0.62 (95% CI 0.072 to 1.167, p=0.028). The FiY1 post increased confidence in performing venepuncture by 0.32 (95% CI 0.011 to 0.920, p=0.045), performing intravenous cannulation by 0.48 (95% CI 0.030 to 1.294, p=0.041) and recognising, assessing and initiating the management of the acutely ill patient by 0.32 (95% CI 0.030 to 1.301, p=0.041).
Conclusions
The COVID-19 pandemic FiY1 post improved confidence in core skills and competencies. These findings may help guide future educational interventions in conjunction with further larger scale studies, ultimately aiding to bridge the transition gap between being a medical student and a doctor.
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Chiu, C.-H., Wei, C.-J., Sheu, M.-L., Liu, Y.-P., Chang, C.-C., Chen, C.-Y.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Objectives
During the COVID-19 outbreak, medical educators’ main concern has been how to prepare new physicians and medical students to meet their obligations as healthcare providers under novel circumstances. This study aims at exploring how trainees perceive their commitments as physicians under the threat of a pandemic.
Design
A qualitative method was employed. Researchers interviewed medical students under clerkship training (fifth and sixth-year medical students) and new physicians undergoing postgraduate year (PGY) and specialty training.
Setting
A university hospital in Taipei, Taiwan.
Participants
The team conducted three focus groups for participants in three separate training stages: clerks, PGY students (PGYs), and residents. Researchers collected data from 31 March to 2 April 2020 and analysed the thematic analysis results.
Results
Seventeen medical students and new physicians took part in the focus groups, five of whom (31.25%) were female. Participants consisted of four residents, six PGYs, and seven medical students. Through their responses, the authors determined four major dimensions with corresponding subdimensions that significantly affected their sense of medical professionalism, including medical knowledge and clinical skills, sense of duty towards public health, teamwork and protection of patient rights.
Conclusions
We therefore concluded that participants grew to accept their roles after acquiring the knowledge and skills needed to care for patients with COVID-19. Alternative teaching arrangements and their impact on trainees’ clinical performance require further discussion.
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Tsuno, K., Tabuchi, T.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Objectives
To investigate the risk factors for workplace bullying and mental health outcomes among workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design
A cross-sectional study.
Setting
A nationwide online survey was conducted from August to September 2020 in Japan.
Participants
16 384 workers (men: n=9565; women: n=6789).
Main outcome variables
Workplace bullying was measured by one item from the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire; severe psychological distress according to the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (≥13) and suicidal ideation by one item. Prevalence ratios were calculated by modified Poisson regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders such as gender, age, occupational characteristics and a prior history of depression.
Results
Overall, 15% of workers experienced workplace bullying, 9% had severe psychological distress and 12% had suicidal ideation during the second and third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. The results of this study showed men, executives, managers and permanent employees had a higher risk of bullying than women or part-time workers. Increased physical and psychological demands were common risk factors for bullying, severe psychological distress and suicidal ideation. Starting to work from home was a significant predictor for adverse mental health outcomes but a preventive factor against workplace bullying.
Conclusions
The results of this study showed different high-risk groups for bullying or mental health during the pandemic. Any intervention to decrease workplace bullying or mental health problems should focus not only on previously reported vulnerable workers but also workers who have experienced a change in work style or job demands.
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Hoogendijk, E. O., Schuster, N. A., van Tilburg, T. G., Schaap, L. A., Suanet, B., De Breij, S., Kok, A. A., Van Schoor, N. M., Timmermans, E. J., de Jongh, R. T., Visser, M., Huisman, M.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Objectives
The aim of this study was to develop an index to measure older adults’ exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic and to study its association with various domains of functioning.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting
The Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), a cohort study in the Netherlands.
Participants
Community-dwelling older adults aged 62–102 years (n=1089) who participated in the LASA COVID-19 study (June–September 2020), just after the first wave of the pandemic.
Primary outcome measures
A 35-item COVID-19 exposure index with a score ranging between 0 and 1 was developed, including items that assess the extent to which the COVID-19 situation affected daily lives of older adults. Descriptive characteristics of the index were studied, stratified by several sociodemographic factors. Logistic regression analyses were performed to study associations between the exposure index and several indicators of functioning (functional limitations, anxiety, depression and loneliness).
Results
The mean COVID-19 exposure index score was 0.20 (SD 0.10). Scores were relatively high among women and in the southern region of the Netherlands. In models adjusted for sociodemographic factors and prepandemic functioning (2018–2019), those with scores in the highest tertile of the exposure index were more likely to report functional limitations (OR: 2.24; 95% CI: 1.48 to 3.38), anxiety symptoms (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.82 to 5.44), depressive symptoms (OR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.55 to 4.00) and loneliness (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 2.08 to 4.26) than those in the lowest tertile.
Conclusions
Among older adults in the Netherlands, higher exposure to the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with worse functioning in the physical, mental and social domain. The newly developed exposure index may be used to identify persons for whom targeted interventions are needed to maintain or improve functioning during the pandemic or postpandemic.
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Kjellberg, A., Abdel-Halim, L., Hassler, A., El Gharbi, S., Al-Ezerjawi, S., Boström, E., Sundberg, C. J., Pernow, J., Medson, K., Kowalski, J. H., Rodriguez-Wallberg, K. A., Zheng, X., Catrina, S., Runold, M., Stahlberg, M., Bruchfeld, J., Nygren-Bonnier, M., Lindholm, P.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Introduction
Long COVID-19, where symptoms persist 12 weeks after the initial SARS-CoV-2-infection, is a substantial problem for individuals and society in the surge of the pandemic. Common symptoms are fatigue, postexertional malaise and cognitive dysfunction. There is currently no effective treatment and the underlying mechanisms are unknown, although several hypotheses exist, with chronic inflammation as a common denominator. In prospective studies, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been suggested to be effective for the treatment of similar syndromes such as chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia. A case series has suggested positive effects of HBOT in long COVID-19. This randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial will explore HBOT as a potential treatment for long COVID-19. The primary objective is to evaluate if HBOT improves health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for patients with long COVID-19 compared with placebo/sham. The main secondary objective is to evaluate whether HBOT improves endothelial function, objective physical performance and short-term HRQoL.
Methods and analysis
A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase II clinical trial in 80 previously healthy subjects debilitated due to long COVID-19, with low HRQoL. Clinical data, HRQoL questionnaires, blood samples, objective tests and activity metre data will be collected at baseline. Subjects will be randomised to a maximum of 10 treatments with hyperbaric oxygen or sham treatment over 6 weeks. Assessments for safety and efficacy will be performed at 6, 13, 26 and 52 weeks, with the primary endpoint (physical domains in RAND 36-Item Health Survey) and main secondary endpoints defined at 13 weeks after baseline. Data will be reviewed by an independent data safety monitoring board.
Ethics and dissemination
The trial is approved by the Swedish National Institutional Review Board (2021–02634) and the Swedish Medical Products Agency (5.1-2020-36673). Positive, negative and inconclusive results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals with open access.
Trial registration number
NCT04842448.
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Anschau, F., Aredes, N. D. A., Reveiz, L., Padilla, M., Gomes, R. d. M., Carvalho, W. M., Leles, F. A. G., Reese, F. B., Hubert, A. H., Kemper, E. S., de Souza, R. R., Salviano, C. F., e Silva, H. S., Coelho, E. B., Gatto, G. C., de Morais, R. F., Alegre, L. N., Padilha dos Reis, R. C., dos Santos Neto, J. F., Garbini, A. F., Purper, C. P., dos Santos, V. B., Charao de Almeida, R. d. S., Donida, B., Bitencourt, R. F., Kopittke, L., dos Santos, F. C., Lutkmeier, R., Carazai, D. d. R., Reis, V. A. S., Deulefeu, F. C., Severino, F. G., da Costa Neto, J. G., Carvalho, N. d. V., de Andrade, A. J. R., Teixeira, A. M., Braga Neto, O., Muller, G. C., Kuchenbecker, R. d. S.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Introduction
With the COVID-19 pandemic, hospitals in low-income countries were faced with a triple challenge. First, a large number of patients required hospitalisation because of the infection’s more severe symptoms. Second, there was a lack of systematic and broad testing policies for early identification of cases. Third, there were weaknesses in the integration of information systems, which led to the need to search for available information from the hospital information systems. Accordingly, it is also important to state that relevant aspects of COVID-19’s natural history had not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this research protocol is to present the strategies of a Brazilian network of hospitals to perform systematised data collection on COVID-19 through the WHO platform.
Methods and analysis
This is a multicentre project among Brazilian hospitals to provide data on COVID-19 through the WHO global platform, which integrates patient care information from different countries. From October 2020 to March 2021, a committee worked on defining a flowchart for this platform, specifying the variables of interest, data extraction standardisation and analysis.
Ethics and dissemination
This protocol was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CEP) of the Research Coordinating Center of Brazil (CEP of the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceicao), on 29 January 2021, under approval No. 4.515.519 and by the National Research Ethics Commission (CONEP), on 5 February 2021, under approval No. 4.526.456. The project results will be explained in WHO reports and published in international peer-reviewed journals, and summaries will be provided to the funders of the study.
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Wiertz, C. M. H., Hemmen, B., Sep, S. J. S., van Santen, S., van Horn, Y. Y., van Kuijk, S. M. J., Verbunt, J. A.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Objectives
The aim of the study was to evaluate recovery of participation in post-COVID-19 patients during the first year after intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. The secondary aim was to identify the early determinants associated with recovery of participation.
Design
Prospective cohort study.
Setting
COVID-19 post-ICU inpatient rehabilitation in the Netherlands, during the first epidemic wave between April and July 2020, with 1-year follow-up.
Participants
COVID-19 ICU survivors ≥18 years of age needing inpatient rehabilitation.
Main outcome measures
Participation in society was assessed by the ‘Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation’ (USER-P) restrictions scale. Secondary measures of body function impairments (muscle force, pulmonary function, fatigue (Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory), breathlessness (Medical Research Council (MRC) breathlessness scale), pain (Numerical Rating Scale)), activity limitations (6-minute walking test, Patient reported outcomes measurement information system (PROMIS) 8b), personal factors (coping (Utrecht Proactive Coping Scale), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), post-traumatic stress (Global Psychotrauma Screen—Post Traumatic Stress Disorder), cognitive functioning (Checklist for Cognitive Consequences after an ICU-admission)) and social factors were used. Statistical analyses: linear mixed-effects model, with recovery of participation levels as dependent variable. Patient characteristics in domains of body function, activity limitations, personal and social factors were added as independent variables.
Results
This study included 67 COVID-19 ICU survivors (mean age 62 years, 78% male). Mean USER-P restrictions scores increased over time; mean participation levels increasing from 62.0, 76.5 to 86.1 at 1, 3 and 12 months, respectively. After 1 year, 50% had not fully resumed work and restrictions were reported in physical exercise (51%), household duties (46%) and leisure activities (29%). Self-reported complaints of breathlessness and fatigue, more perceived limitations in daily life, as well as personal factors (less proactive coping style and anxiety/depression complaints) were associated with delayed recovery of participation (all p value <0.05).
Conclusions
This study supports the view that an integral vision of health is important when looking at the long-term consequence of post-ICU COVID-19. Personal factors such as having a less proactive coping style or mental impairments early on contribute to delayed recovery.
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Book, J., Broichhaus, L., Grüne, B., Niessen, J., Wiesmüller, G. A., Joisten, C., Kossow, A.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Objectives
To estimate the awareness, implementation and difficulty of behavioural recommendations and their correlates in officially ordered domestic isolation and quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design
Online retrospective cohort survey conducted from 12 December 2020 to 6 January 2021 as part of the Cologne–Corona Counselling and Support for Index and Contact Persons During the Quarantine Period study.
Setting
Administrative area of the city of Cologne, Germany.
Participants
3011 infected persons (IPs) and 5822 contacts over 16 years of age who were in officially ordered domestic isolation or quarantine between 28 February 2020 and 9 December 2020. Of these, 60.4% were women.
Outcome measures
Self-developed scores were calculated based on responses about awareness and implementation of 19 behavioural recommendations to determine community-based and household-based adherence. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine factors influencing adherence.
Results
The average adherence to all recommendations, including staying in a single room, keeping distance and wearing a mask, was 13.8±2.4 out of 15 points for community-based recommendations (CBRs) and 17.2±6.8 out of 25 points for household-based recommendations (HBRs). IPs were significantly more adherent to CBRs (14.3±2.0 points vs 13.7±2.6 points, p<0.001) and HBRs (18.2±6.7 points vs 16.5±6.8 points, p<0.001) than were contact persons. Among other factors, both status as an IP and being informed about the measures positively influenced participants’ adherence. The linear regression analysis explained 6.6% and 14.4% (corr. R²) of the adherence to CBRs and HBRs.
Conclusions
Not all persons under official quarantine were aware of the relevant behavioural recommendations. This was especially true in cases where instructions were given for measures to be taken in one’s own household. Due to the high transmission rates within households, HBRs should be communicated with particular emphasis.
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Warda, A. K., Dempsey, E. M., Forssten, S. D., Ryan, C. A., Cryan, J. F., Patterson, E., O'Riordan, M. N., OShea, C.-A., Keohane, F., Meehan, G., OConnor, O., Ross, R. P., Stanton, C.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Introduction
The intestinal microbiome in early life plays a major role in infant health and development. Factors like antibiotic exposure, breast/formula feeding and mode of delivery are known to affect the microbiome. The increasing occurrence of caesarean section (C-section) deliveries and antibiotic exposure warrants further insight into the potential missing microbes in those infants. The study objective is to study the effect of maternal antibiotic administration during pregnancy and/or C-section mode of delivery on the development of the infant’s intestinal microbiome until the age of 2 years.
Methods and analysis
A single site, cross-sectional observational study of C-section and vaginally delivered infants being either exposed to maternal antibiotic treatment or not during the third trimester of pregnancy. Throughout the nine visits, stool, urine, saliva, hair, breast milk and vaginal swabs will be collected from either mother and/or infant for microbiome and metabolomic analysis.
Ethics and dissemination
The protocol was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Cork Teaching Hospitals. The trial has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov.
The findings from this study will be disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, during scientific conferences, and directly to the study participants. Sequencing data will be deposited in public databases.
Trial registration number
NCT04134819.
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Schovsbo, S. U., Mollehave, L. T., Petersen, M. W., Ahrendt Bjerregaard, A., Eliasen, M., Pedersen, S. B., Eplov, L. F., Karhus, L. L., Fink, P., Linneberg, A., Dantoft, T. M., Jorgensen, T., Benros, M. E.
BMJ Open, 2.11.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Objectives
It has been suggested that infections can trigger functional somatic disorders (FSD). However, current evidence is limited by inconsistent findings in smaller studies conducted in clinical settings within selected populations and short follow-up times. We aimed to test the hypothesis that former infections are associated with FSD using data from nationwide registries and a large population-based cohort study, the Danish Study of Functional Disorders study.
Design
FSD cases were identified in a cross-sectional population-based cohort and linked retrospectively to former hospital contacts with infections identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. The associations between FSD and former infections within 17 years were analysed using logistic regressions to calculate ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for age, sex and subjective social status.
Setting
A population-based cohort in Denmark examined between 2011 and 2015.
Participants
A total of 9656 men and women aged 18–76 years.
Main outcome measures
FSD measured by various delimitations, including bodily distress syndrome (BDS), irritable bowel (IB), chronic fatigue (CF), chronic widespread pain (CWP), and multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS).
Results
Overall, infections were associated with increased risk of all delimitations of FSD. The associations were more pronounced for multisystemic FSD. The number of prior infections increased the risk in a dose-response manner (p<0.0001). Bacterial but not viral infections were significantly associated with BDS (OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.46 to 1.96)), IB (OR 1.41 (95% CI 1.06 to 1.88)), CWP (OR 1.47 (95% CI 1.13 to 1.90)) and CF (OR 1.62 (95% CI 1.34 to 1.96)), but not MCS.
Conclusion
Former infections leading to hospital contacts were associated with a higher risk of having FSD. These associations were more pronounced for bacterial than viral infections, and more infections increased the risk in a dose-response manner. These results tend to support the idea that severe infections could play a role in FSD.
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Immunity, 26.10.2022
Tilføjet 2.11.2022
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2022Source: ImmunityAuthor(s): Julie Rebejac, Elisa Eme-Scolan, Laurie Arnaud Paroutaud, Sarah Kharbouche, Matei Teleman, Lionel Spinelli, Emeline Gallo, Annie Roussel-Queval, Ana Zarubica, Amandine Sansoni, Quentin Bardin, Philippe Hoest, Marie-Cécile Michallet, Carine Brousse, Karine Crozat, Monica Manglani, Zhaoyuan Liu, Florent Ginhoux, Dorian B. McGavern, Marc Dalod
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