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BMC Infectious Diseases, 20.02.2022
Tilføjet 21.02.2022
Abstract
Background
The duration of virus shedding is necessary for determining the infectious period. But there were few quantitative studies on the changes of viral load and the law of the viral shedding in hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients has not yet been clarified.
Methods
This study will prospectively recruit coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) and coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) infected inpatients from January 2022 to December 2022. A series of samples and questionnaire information will be collected regularly to establish the dynamic function relationship between time and viral load changes and a Bayesian multilevel model will be constructed to clarify the evolvement rules which reflect the dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in patients with HFMD.
Discussion
The results of this study is expected to further clarify the evolvement rules which reflect the dynamic changes of viral load and the duration of viral shedding in HFMD patients under the influence of related factors. It can also provide important evidence for the scientific definition of the infectious period and isolation period of HFMD in China.
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Pilar Escribano, Ana-Erika Sánchez-Pulido, José González-Leiva, Iván Valero-López, Pilar Catalán, Patricia Muñoz, Jesús Guinea, COVID-19 study group Hospital Gregorio Marañón, COVID-19 study group Pavones care centre
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20.02.2022
Tilføjet 21.02.2022
PCR on nasopharyngeal exudates, the cornerstone of the detection of SARS-CoV-2, is time-consuming and commonly unavailable at primary health care centres. Detection of viral nucleocapsid antigens using lateral flow point-of-care tests is helpful for the early triage of patients who attend health care facilities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedHenry J.C. de Vries, Yvonne Pannekoek, Debora Dean, Patrick M. Bavoil, Nicole Borel, Gilbert Greub, Servaas A. Morré, for the ICSP Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Chlamydiae
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 20.02.2022
Tilføjet 21.02.2022
The International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICSP) Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of chlamydiae (STC) was founded in 2010 to solve major taxonomy and nomenclature issues regarding members of the order Chlamydiales. The ICSP-STC clarifies how species and Candidatus species should be reported. When based on genomic data, the genome sequence (at least 80% complete) should reveal the presence of core genes [1] with the taxonomically informative genes defined by Pillonel et al. [2] as the preferred core subset.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMalaria Journal, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Abstract
Background
Nomadic populations in Chad are at increased risk of contracting malaria because of their lifestyle. Being highly mobile they are often excluded from disease control programmes, and access to preventive measures and treatment is more difficult. Effective malaria control interventions take account of local modes of transmission, patterns of care-seeking behaviour and community perceptions of cause and prevention practices. There is currently little information about malaria knowledge and perceptions among nomadic groups in Chad, or their awareness of malaria control interventions and this study sought to address this knowledge gap.
Methods
A mixed methods study, including a cross-sectional survey with men and women (n = 78) to determine the level of knowledge and use of malaria prevention strategies among Arabs, Peuls and Dagazada nomadic groups. Three focus group discussions were conducted with women to explore their representation of malaria and knowledge of preventive methods. Key informant interviews were held with leaders of nomadic groups (n = 6) to understand perception of malaria risk among itinerant communities.
Results
Nomads are aware of the risk of malaria, recognize the symptoms and have local explanations for the disease. Reported use of preventive interventions such as Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention (SMC) for children and Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPT) of malaria in pregnancy was very low. However, 42.3% of respondents reported owning at least one LLIN and 60% said they slept under an LLIN the night before the survey. In case of a malaria episode, nomads seek clinicians, informal drug sellers in the street or market for self-medication, or traditional medicine depending on their financial means. Interviews with nomad leaders and discussions with women provide key themes on: (i) social representation of malaria risk and (ii) social representation of malaria and (iii) perspectives on malaria prevention and (iv) malaria treatment practices.
Conclusion
The nomadic groups included in this study are aware of risk of malaria and their level of exposure. Local interpretations of the cause of malaria could be addressed through tailored and appropriate health education. Except for LLINs, malaria prevention interventions are not well known or used. Financial barriers lowered access to both mosquito nets and malaria treatment. Reducing the barriers highlighted in this study will improve access to the healthcare system for nomadic groups, and increase the opportunity to create awareness of and improve uptake of SMC and IPT among women and children.
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Malaria Journal, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Abstract
Background
Control efforts in Zanzibar reduced the burden of malaria substantially from 2000 to 2015, but re-emergence of falciparum malaria has been observed lately. This study evaluated the prevalence of malaria and performance of routine diagnostic tests among hospitalized fever patients in a 1.5 years period in 2015 and 2016.
Methods
From March 2015 to October 2016, paediatric and adult patients hospitalized with acute undifferentiated fever at Mnazi Mmoja Hospital, Zanzibar were included. The malaria prevalence, and performance of rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and microscopy, were assessed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as gold standard.
Results
The malaria prevalence was 9% (63/731). Children under 5 years old had lower malaria prevalence (5%, 14/260) than older children (15%, 20/131, p = 0.001) and persons aged 16 to 30 years (13%, 15/119, p = 0.02), but not different from persons over 30 years old (6%, 14/217, p = 0.7). All cases had Plasmodium falciparum infection, except for one case of Plasmodium ovale. Ten malaria patients had no history of visiting mainland Tanzania. The RDT had a sensitivity of 64% (36/56) and a specificity of 98% (561/575), and microscopy had a sensitivity of 50% (18/36) and a specificity of 99% (251/254), compared to PCR. The malaria parasitaemia was lower in patients with false negative results on RDT (median 7 × 103 copies/µL, interquartile range [IQR] 2 × 103 – 8 × 104, p = 0.002) and microscopy (median 9 × 103 copies/µL, IQR 8 × 102 – 7 × 104, p = 0.006) compared to those with true positive RDT (median 2 × 105 copies/µL, IQR 3 × 104 – 5 × 105) and microscopy (median 2 × 105 copies/µL, IQR 6 × 104 – 5 × 105).
Conclusions
The study emphasizes that malaria was a frequent cause of febrile illness in hospitalized patients in Zanzibar in the years 2015-2016, particularly among school age children and young adults. We found evidence of autochthonous malaria transmission in Zanzibar. Compared to PCR, both RDT and microscopy had low sensitivity, and false negative results were associated with low parasitaemia. While low parasitaemia identified only by PCR in a semi-immune individual could be coincidental and without clinical relevance, clinicians should be aware of the risk of false negative results on routine tests.
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Malaria Journal, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Abstract
Background
Malaria remains the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in Uganda. In 2009, the United States President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI) funded an indoor residual spraying (IRS) project in 10 mid-northern districts, resulting in marked reductions in malaria prevalence over 5 years, from 62.5 percent to 7.2 percent. When the project ended and IRS withdrawn, malaria prevalence increased exponentially to pre-IRS level of 63 percent in 2016 and was characterized by frequent life-threatening upsurges that were exacerbated by a weak national led malaria surveillance system with delayed and piece meal responses. Malaria Consortium, in collaboration with Nwoya district local government implemented a district led malaria surveillance and response system. This study was conducted to compare the impact of District led and national led surveillance and response systems on overall malaria burden in two sub-counties in Nwoya district, Northern Uganda.
Methods
The assessment was conducted between week 41 of 2018 and week 10 of 2019 in Anaka and Alero sub counties following the shift from the national to district led malaria surveillance and response system. A district multi-sectoral malaria response taskforce team, known as the District Malaria Surveillance and Response Team (DMSRT), was formed by the Nwoya District Health Team (DHT). The DMSRT was trained and equipped with new surveillance tools for early detection of and response to malaria upsurges within the district, and were mandated to develop a costed district specific malaria response plan.
Results
All (18) targeted health facilities provided weekly malaria reports and continuously updated the malaria normal channel graphs. There was an overall reduction in weekly new malaria cases from 12.9 in week 41 of 2018 to 6.2 cases in week 10 of 2019. Malaria positivity rates (TPR) for Alero and Anaka sub-counties reduced from 76.0 percent and 69.3 percent at week 42 of 2018 to 28 percent and 30.3 percent, respectively at week 10 of 2019.
Conclusions
Malaria surveillance and response, with precisely targeted multipronged activities, when led and implemented by local district health authorities is an effective, efficient, and sustainable approach to prevent malaria upsurges and associated morbidity and mortality.
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Malaria Journal, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Abstract
Background
Asymptomatic malaria infections can serve as potential reservoirs for malaria transmission. The density of parasites contained in these infections range from microscopic to submicroscopic densities, making the accurate detection of asymptomatic parasite carriage highly dependent on the sensitivity of the tools used for the diagnosis. This study sought to evaluate the sensitivities of a variety of molecular and serological diagnostic tools at determining the prevalence of asymptomatic Plasmodium falciparum parasite infections in two communities with varying malaria parasite prevalence.
Methods
Whole blood was collected from 194 afebrile participants aged between 6 and 70 years old living in a high (Obom) and a low (Asutsuare) malaria transmission setting of Ghana. Thick and thin blood smears, HRP2 based malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and filter paper dried blood spots (DBS) were prepared from each blood sample. Genomic DNA was extracted from the remaining blood and used in Plasmodium specific photo-induced electron transfer polymerase chain reaction (PET-PCR) and Nested PCR, whilst the HRP2 antigen content of the DBS was estimated using a bead immunoassay. A comparison of malaria parasite prevalence as determined by each method was performed.
Results
Parasite prevalence in the high transmission site of Obom was estimated at 71.4%, 61.9%, 60%, 37.8% and 19.1% by Nested PCR, the HRP2 bead assay, PET-PCR, HRP2-RDT and microscopy respectively. Parasite prevalence in the low transmission site of Asutsuare was estimated at 50.1%, 11.2%, 5.6%, 0% and 2.2% by Nested PCR, the HRP2 bead assay, PET-PCR, RDT and microscopy, respectively. The diagnostic performance of Nested PCR, PET-PCR and the HRP2 bead assay was similar in Obom but in Asutsuare, Nested PCR had a significantly higher sensitivity than PET-PCR and the HRP2 bead assay, which had similar sensitivity.
Conclusions
Nested PCR exhibited the highest sensitivity by identifying the highest prevalence of asymptomatic P. falciparum in both the high and low parasite prevalence settings. However, parasite prevalence estimated by the HRP2 bead assay and PET-PCR had the highest level of inter-rater agreement relative to all the other tools tested and have the advantage of requiring fewer processing steps relative to Nested PCR and producing quantitative results.
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Li, Ling-Jun; Tan, Petrina; Hee, Owen; Agrawal, Rupesh; Lim, Tock-Han; Wong, Tien-Yin; Teoh, Stephen C
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Background:
Longitudinal evidence on retinal microvasculature and subsequent systemic inflammatory alteration is lacking. We investigated the association between retinal microvasculature and immune response among HIV/AIDS patients over a 9-month antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Methods:
We conducted a prospective cohort on HIV/AIDS patients at Singapore Communicable Disease Centre (CDC) since June 2011. We recruited all eligible patients and then reviewed them every three months over a 9-month follow-up, including performing blood tests (CD4+/CD8+ T-cell counts, HIV viral load), blood pressure, anthropometry measurements, and retinal photography at each visit. We assessed retinal vascular indexes via a semi-automated computer-based program. Lastly, we applied a linear mixed model to analyze associations between baseline retinal vascular indexes and 9-month changes of CD4+/CD8+ T-cell cell counts and HIV viral load throughout study observation, after adjusting for major confounders.
Results:
We found that narrower arteriolar caliber (per 10 μm decrease), wider venular caliber (per 10 μm increase), and larger arteriolar branching angle (per 10 degrees increase) in the retina assessed at baseline were significantly associated with 9-month reductions in CD4+ T-cell count by 52.97 cells/µl (p=0.006), 33.55 cells/µl (p=0.01), and 39.09 cells/ µl (p=0.008), accordingly.
Conclusion:
HIV/AIDS Patients with a suboptimal retinal microvascular morphology tended to fail immune restoration undertaking a 9-month ART.
Corresponding Author: Ling-Jun Li, MD, PhD; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597 (obgllj@nus.edu.sg).
The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this work.
* Drs Ling-Jun Li and Petrina Tan contributed equally to this article.
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNijhawan, Ank E; Zhang, Song; Chansard, Matthieu; Gao, Ang; Jain, Mamta K; Halm, Ethan A
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Abstract:
Background:
Hospital readmissions are common, costly and potentially preventable, including among people with HIV (PWH). We present the results of an evaluation of a multicomponent intervention aimed at reducing 30-day readmissions among PWH.
Methods:
Demographics, socio-economic, and clinical variables were collected from the electronic health records of people with HIV or cellulitis (control group) hospitalized at an urban safety-net hospital before and after (September 2012 -December 2016) the implementation of a multidisciplinary HIV transitional care team. After October 2014, hospitalized PWH could receive a medical HIV consultation +/- a transitional care nurse intervention. The primary outcome was readmission within 30 days of discharge to any hospital. Multivariate logistic regression and propensity score analyses were conducted to compare readmissions before and after intervention implementation in PWH and cellulitis.
Results:
Overall, among PWH, 329/2049 (16.1%) readmissions occurred before and 329/2023 (16.3%) occurred after the transitional care team intervention. After including clinical and social predictors, the adjusted OR (aOR) of 30-day readmission for post-intervention PWH was 0.81 (95% CI 0.66-0.99, p= 0.04) whereas little reduction was identified for cellulitis (aOR 0.91 (95% CI 0.81-1.02, p= 0.10). A dose-response was not observed for receipt of different HIV intervention components.
Conclusions:
A multicomponent intervention reduced the adjusted risk of 30-day readmissions in PWH, though no dose-response was detected. Additional efforts are needed to reduce overall hospitalizations and readmissions among PWH including increasing HIV prevention, early diagnosis and engagement in care and expanding the availability and spectrum of transitional care services.
Corresponding author: Ank E. Nijhawan, MD, MPH, MSCS Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Population and Data Sciences University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd Dallas, TX 75390-6196 Ank.Nijhawan@UTSouthwestern.edu Tel. 214-648-2777 Fax 214-648-7671
Conflicts of Interest: AN receives research funding from Gilead Sciences;
Sources of Funding: K23 AI 112477 (AN), R34 DA 045592 (AN)
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedChan, Curtis; Vaccher, Stefanie; Fraser, Doug; Grulich, Andrew; Holt, Martin; Zablotska-Manos, Iryna; Prestage, Garrett; Bavinton, Benjamin
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Background:
Event driven-pre-exposure prophylaxis (ED-PrEP), when taken according to the ‘2-1-1’ dosing method, is highly effective at preventing HIV acquisition for gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). Any missed doses when using ED-PrEP drastically reduce its effectiveness, so it is vital that people using this method know how to take it correctly. This study investigated Australian GBM’s awareness of ED-PrEP, and their knowledge of how to take it correctly. Method: We conducted a survey of 1471 PrEP-experienced GBM in Australia, between October 2019 and March 2020. The survey assessed awareness and knowledge of the three components of the ‘2-1-1’ ED-PrEP dosing regimen (number of pills for loading dose, timing of loading dose, and number of days after sex to take PrEP pills) among GBM. Characteristics associated with ED-PrEP awareness and correct knowledge of how to take ED-PrEP were assessed with multivariate logistic regression. Results: Two-thirds (n=1004, 68.4%) had heard of ED-PrEP, of whom only one-eighth (n=125, 12.5%) knew the correct details of the ‘2-1-1’ ED-PrEP method; one-third (n=339, 33.8%) did not know any of the three key components. Awareness of ED-PrEP and correct knowledge was associated with greater belief in PrEP efficacy, university education, and intention to take a non-daily PrEP regimen in the next six months. Conclusion: While ED-PrEP awareness was considerable, most participants did not know how to use ED-PrEP correctly. Further work is needed to increase awareness and knowledge of ED-PrEP among GBM.
Corresponding Author: Curtis Chan +61-2-9385 0953 cchan@kirby.unsw.edu.au
Conflict of Interest and Source of Funding: The PrEP in NSW Transition Study received funding from the New South Wales Ministry of Health. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGoerlich, Erin; Schär, Michael; Bagchi, Shashwatee; Soleimani-Fard, Alborz; Brown, Todd; Sarkar, Sudipa; Bonanno, Gabriele; Streeb, Valerie; Gerstenblith, Gary; Barditch-Crovo, Patricia; Weiss, Robert G.; Hays, Allison G.
Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 7.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Background:
People living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) are at increased risk of atherosclerotic disease. Abnormal adipose distribution is common in PLWH and may contribute to atherosclerosis. Because coronary artery endothelial function (CEF) is impaired in early atherosclerosis, predicts future cardiovascular events, and is reduced in PLWH, we investigated associations between body fat distribution and CEF in PLWH.
Setting:
Prospective cohort study.
Methods:
PLWH on stable ART underwent MRI to quantify CEF, measured as change in coronary cross-sectional area (CSA) from rest to that during isometric handgrip exercise, an endothelial-dependent stressor. Abdominal visceral and subcutaneous fat area (axial L4 level) and liver fat fraction were quantified via MRI. Linear regression was used to determine associations between CEF and independent variables.
Results:
Among 84 PLWH (52±11 years; 33% women), mean CSA change was 0.74±11.7'%, indicating impaired CEF. On univariable regression analysis, CEF was inversely related to waist circumference (R=-0.31, p =0.014), hip circumference (R=-0.27, p =0.037), and subcutaneous fat area (R=-0.25, p =0.031). We did not observe significant relationships between CEF and liver fat fraction, waist/hip ratio, or visceral fat area. On multivariable regression adjusted for age, sex, and race, CEF was associated with waist circumference, hip circumference, subcutaneous fat, and liver fat fraction.
Conclusion:
Waist and hip circumference, and subcutaneous fat area are associated with impaired CEF, an established metric of abnormal vascular health in PLWH on stable ART, and may contribute to the increased rate of heart disease in this population.
Corresponding Author and reprint requests: Allison G. Hays, MD, Johns Hopkins University Division of Cardiology, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Halsted 565 Baltimore, MD 21287. Phone: 443-287-6827. Email: ahays2@jhmi.edu
The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this work.
Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedLyn-Marié Birkholtz, Pietro Alano, Didier Leroy
Trends in Parasitology, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Preventing human-to-mosquito transmission of malaria parasites provides possible solutions to interrupt the malaria parasite life cycle for malaria elimination. The development of validated routine assays enabled the discovery of such transmission-blocking compounds. Currently, one development priority remains on combinations of dual-active compounds with equipotent activity against both the disease-causing asexual and transmissible, sexual erythrocytic stages. Additionally, transmission-blocking compounds that target gametocyte-specific biology could be used in combination with compounds against asexual parasites.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedImtiaz A. Khan, Magali Moretto
Trends in Parasitology, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 20.02.2022
Vaccine-mediated immunity to parasites has not been achieved. Immune C57BL/6 mice are susceptible to secondary Toxoplasma gondii infection. Using a forward genetics approach, Souza et al. identify Nfkbid as an important factor for the regulation of B cell immunity during secondary Toxoplasma infection and protection against rechallenge.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedInfection, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Abstract
Purpose
The emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) has been increasingly reported in recent years. We aimed to identify the risk factors of CZA-resistant CRKP infection and assess clinical outcomes of the patients.
Methods
The study retrospectively analyzed the clinical and microbiological data of patients with CRKP infection to identify risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes using multivariate logistic regression analysis.
Results
A total of 103 patients with CRKP infection were enrolled in this study. Multivariate analysis showed previous renal replacement therapy (OR 3.966, 95% CI 1.301–12.090, P = 0.015) was an independent risk factor for CZA-resistant CRKP infection. The 28-day mortality was higher in patients infected with CZA-resistant CRKP (27.9%) than those with CZA-susceptible CRKP (7.1%) (P = 0.009). CZA-resistant CRKP infection (OR 20.308, 95% CI 1.461–282.293, P = 0.025), and mechanical ventilation (OR 14.950, 95% CI 1.034–216.212, P = 0.047) were independent predictors for 28-day mortality in patients with CRKP infection. Lower level of platelet count (OR 0.987, 95% CI 0.975–0.999, P = 0.032) on the day of CRKP infection onset was related to 28-day mortality. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the CZA-resistant CRKP group had a shorter survival time than the CZA-susceptible CRKP group.
Conclusion
The prevalence and mortality of CZA-resistant CRKP are still increasing. Strengthening the hospital infection control of renal replacement therapy and mechanical ventilation may help to prevent CZA-resistant CRKP.
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Infection, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Evidence on the effect of self-protection via social distancing and wearing face-masks on infections during chemotherapy is currently not available. We asked if the occurrence of acute infections during chemotherapy for advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) decreased when COVID-19 protection measures were in effect.
Methods
We analyzed the occurrence of infections during all documented eBEACOPP cycles starting between 01 March and 30 June of 2017 to 2020 in patients treated within the GHSG HD21 study in Germany and compared the infection rates and characteristics by logistic regression models and means of descriptive statistics.
Results
We analyzed 911 cycles of 313 adult patients treated with 4 to 6 cycles of eBEACOPP. We found a significant decrease in the occurrence of infections during chemotherapy for HL during COVID-19 lockdown from 131 (19.6%) of 670 cycles in 2017–2019 to 30 (12.6%) of 239 cycles during COVID-19 lockdown [OR 0.574 (95% CI 0.354–0.930), P = 0.024]. The strongest effect was evident for unspecified infections with 39 cycles (5.8%) during 2017–2019 in comparison to 5 cycles (2.1%) during COVID-19 lockdown. 20 (24.1%) of 83 patients had an infection during the COVID-19 lockdown versus 99 (43.2%) of 229 patients in the years 2017–2019 (P = 0.0023).
Conclusion
The significant decrease of infections during chemotherapy for HL during COVID-19 lockdown reveals the protective measures’ potential to shield patients from transmissible pathogens. We conclude that these measures could be recommended for HL patients at risk for infections during chemotherapy.
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Infection, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Casirivimab/imdevimab (REGN-COV), a cocktail of neutralizing antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, was shown to be an effective treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis measure for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We assessed the antibody titers among patients who received REGN-COV with the purpose of evaluating this therapeutic and prophylactic option from the serological point of view.
Methods
We collected serological data of patients with COVID-19 who were treated with REGN-COV 1200 mg (casirivimab 600 mg/imdevimab 600 mg). Antibody titers were assessed within 24 h before and within 48 h after the administration of REGN-COV using ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin (Ig)G (IgGNC), which is against nucleocapsid protein, and ARCHITECT SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant (IgGSP), which is against spike protein.
Results
A total of nine patients were evaluated. IgGSP was elevated after REGN-COV administration with a median of 208,370 Arbitrary Units/mL while simultaneous IgGNC remained low. With the simple linear regression model, the IgGSP after the REGN-COV administration was correlated with the reciprocal of ideal body weight.
Conclusion
The high titer of IgGSP supports the clinical benefit of therapeutic and prophylactic use of REGN-COV from the serological point of view.
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Infection, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Abstract
Purpose
Duodenal involvement in COVID-19 is poorly studied. Aim was to describe clinical and histopathological characteristics of critically ill COVID-19 patients suffering from severe duodenitis that causes a significant bleeding and/or gastrointestinal dysmotility.
Methods
In 51 critically ill patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia, severe upper intestinal bleeding and/or gastric feeding intolerance were indications for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Duodenitis was diagnosed according to macroscopic signs and mucosal biopsies. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect viral specific protein and ACE2. In situ hybridization was applied to confirm viral replication.
Results
Nine of 51 critically ill patients (18%) suffering from SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia had developed upper GI bleeding complications and/or high gastric reflux. Five of them presented with minor and four (44%) with severe duodenitis. In two patients, erosions had caused severe gastrointestinal bleeding requiring PRBC transfusions. Immunohistochemical staining for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein was positive inside duodenal enterocytes in three of four patients suffering from severe duodenitis. Viral replication could be confirmed by in situ hybridization.
Conclusion
Our data suggest that about 8% of critically ill COVID-19 patients may develop a severe duodenitis presumably associated with a direct infection of the duodenal enterocytes by SARS-CoV-2. Clinical consequences from severe bleeding and/or upper gastrointestinal dysmotility seem to be underestimated.
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Shinya Tsuzuki, Kayoko Hayakawa, Yukari Uemura, Tomohiro Shinozaki, Nobuaki Matsunaga, Mari Terada, Setsuko Suzuki, Yusuke Asai, Koji Kitajima, Sho Saito, Gen Yamada, Taro Shibata, Masashi Kondo, Kazuo Izumi, Masayuki Hojo, Tetsuya Mizoue, Kazuhisa Yokota, Fukumi Nakamura-Uchiyama, Fumitake Saito, Wataru Sugiura, Norio Ohmagari
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
: Although several randomized controlled trials have compared the efficacy of remdesivir with that of placebo, there is limited evidence regarding its effect in the early stage of nonsevere COVID-19 cases.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSung Kyun Kim, Il-Seok Park, Seok Jin Hong, Dae Myoung Yoo, Chanyang Min, Hyo Geun Choi
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
: Pneumonia and chronic otitis media (COM) share a common pathophysiological mechanism in terms of respiratory infection and inflammation, but the epidemiological association between the two diseases has not been investigated. We investigated the association between an event of COM and prior events of pneumonia in a national cohort.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedSachin Dhumal, Amar Patil, Ashwini More, Sujeet Kamtalwar, Amit Joshi, Anant Gokarn, Sumeet Mirgh, Puneeth Thatikonda, Prasanth Bhat, Vedang Murthy, Preeti Chavan, Amey Oak, Suvarna Gore, Atanu Bhattacharjee, Nikhil Patkar, Sadhana Kannan, Nitin Shetty, Anjali Rawat, Meera Achrekar, Bhakti Trivedi, Siddhartha Laskar, Pankaj Chaturvedi, Rajendra Badwe, Navin Khattry, Sudeep Gupta
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Cucunawangsih Cucunawangsih, Ratna Sari Wijaya, Nata Pratama Hardjo Lugito, Ivet Suriapranata
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the frontline battling against the COVID-19 pandemic and are categorized as a priority target group for COVID-19 vaccines. CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, China), inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, was the initially available vaccine platform and primarily administered for Indonesian HCWs. Although previous clinical trial studies in China (Zhang et al., 2021) and Turkey (Tanriover et al., 2021) have evidenced the immunogenicity of two-dose CoronaVac, the antibody levels predictive for SARS-CoV-2 protection have declined over time (Mok et al., 2021).
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedRafael Dias, João Paulo Caldas, André Silva-Pinto, Andreia Costa, António Sarmento, Lurdes Santos
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Serdar ATA, Timucin Cil, Berna B. DUMAN, Nevzat Unal
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Perumal Arumugam Desingu, K. Nagarajan
Journal of Medical Virology, 19.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
BMC Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Abstract
Background
The short-term 0–1–2-month hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination schedule was previously implemented in the adult population; however, its long-term immune effect remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate (1) the 2-month and 2-year immune effects of HBV vaccination and (2) the compliance rate between the 0–1–2-month and 0–1–6-month vaccination schedules in adults.
Method
A total of 1281 subjects tested for hepatitis B surface antigen HBsAg(−) and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs)(−) were recruited. Participants from two distant counties were inoculated with the hepatitis B yeast vaccine at 10 µg per dose, with vaccination schedules of 0, 1, and 2 months (n = 606) and 0, 1, and 6 months (n = 675); sequential follow-up was performed at 2 months and 2 years after the 3rd injection.
Results
There were no significant differences in the anti-HBs seroconversion rates between the those in the 0–1–2-month and 0–1–6-month vaccination schedule groups at 2 months (91.96% vs. 89.42%, p = 0.229) and 2 years (81.06% vs. 77.14%, p = 0.217). The quantitative anti-HBs level in those in the 0–1–2-month vaccination schedule group was not different from that in those in the 0–1–6-month vaccination schedule group at 2 months (anti-HBs1) (342.12 ± 378.42 mIU/ml vs. 392.38 ± 391.96 mIU/ml, p = 0.062), but it was higher at 2 years (anti-HBs2) (198.37 ± 286.44 mIU/ml vs. 155.65 ± 271.73 mIU/ml, p = 0.048). According to the subgroup analysis, the 0–1–2-month vaccination schedule induced better maintenance (p = 0.041) and longer reinforcement (p = 0.019) than the 0–1–6 vaccination schedule. The 0–1–2-month vaccination schedule group also had a higher 3rd injection completion rate (89.49% vs. 84.49%, p = 0.010).
Conclusion
The 0–1–2-month vaccination schedule was associated with a similar short-term immune effect and might induce better long-term immune memory and a higher completion rate in the adult population.
Trial registration None
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BMC Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Abstract
Objective
This study aimed to compare the diagnostic value of the single or combined applications of transient elastography (TE) and multivariate indicators with biopsy for the detection of liver fibrosis in children caused by chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
Methods
This study included 148 CHB children treated at Hunan Children’s Hospital from January 1st 2015 to December 31st 2018, aged from 0.83 to 14.58 years old. All patients underwent liver biopsy (LB), of which 43 patients underwent TE. Multiple clinical data, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Platelet (PLT), and HBV-deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV DNA) of all patients were collected. The diagnostic values for CHB of TE and its combinations with these indicators were measured. The patients were classified in two ways: no hepatic fibrosis group (F0) versus fibrosis group (F ≥ 1), and no significant hepatic fibrosis group (F < 2) versus significant hepatic fibrosis group (F ≥ 2). The statistical assessment was performed between groups within each classification to compare the diagnostic value of different parameters.
Results
The operating characteristic area under curve (AUC) of liver fibrosis diagnosed by liver stiffness measurement (LSM) which obtained by TE, AST-to-PLT ratio index (APRI), and fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4) were 0.740, 0.701, and 0.651, while the corresponding cut-off values were 5.9 kPa, 0.50, and 0.10, respectively. The AUC of significant liver fibrosis diagnosed by LSM, APRI and FIB-4 were 0.849, 0.701, and 0.509, while the corresponding cut-off values were 8.4 kPa, 0.76, and 0.08, respectively. While with the combinations of LSM and APRI, LSM and FIB-4, LSM and APRI and FIB-4, APRI and FIB-4, the AUC of significant liver fibrosis were 0.866, 0.855, 0.869, and 0.684, respectively. The AUC of significant liver fibrosis diagnosed by the LSM was significantly higher than APRI and FIB-4.
Conclusions
The diagnostic value of transient elastography was better than that of APRI and FIB-4 for CHB children with significant liver fibrosis. In addition, TE also has relatively high application values on the diagnosis of patients with different degrees of liver fibrosis caused by CHB.
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Shirin Moossavi, Marie-Claire Arrieta, Amir Sanati-Nezhad, Faraz Bishehsari
Trends in Microbiology, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
There is a growing interest to understand if and how the gut microbiome is causally linked to the pathogenesis and/or progression of diseases. While in vitro cell line models are commonly used for studying specific aspects of the host–microbe interaction, gnotobiotic murine models are considered the preferred platform for studying causality in microbiome research. Nevertheless, findings from animal studies provide limited opportunity for delineating various areas of interest to the human gut microbiome research.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNicole S. Isles, Andre Mu, Jason C. Kwong, Benjamin P. Howden, Timothy P. Stinear
Trends in Microbiology, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
The human gut is host to a diverse range of microorganisms that offer protection against colonization by multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic use, medications, health conditions, and lifestyle factors can alter the composition of the gut microbiota in such a way that results in loss of colonization resistance and increased susceptibility to invading pathogenic antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therapeutics aiming to restore a diverse and protective microbiome are fast advancing. In this review, we focus on the compositional changes within the gut microbiome that are associated with colonization resistance and discuss their use as potential targets for therapeutics or diagnostics.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedWinka Le Clec’h, Stephanie Nordmeyer, Timothy J.C. Anderson, Frédéric D. Chevalier
Trends in Parasitology, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 19.02.2022
Aquatic snails, the intermediate hosts of schistosomes, harbor a diverse unexplored microbiome. We speculate that this may play a critical role in host–parasite interactions. We summarize our current knowledge of snail microbiomes and highlight future research priorities.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedCarlos Cifuentes-González, Estefanía Zapata-Bravo, María Camila Sierra-Cote, Laura Boada-Robayo, Ángela Paola Vargas-Largo, Juliana Reyes-Guanes, Alejandra de-la-Torre
International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
: This study aims to describe the incidence of ocular involvement in patients with toxoplasmosis, and describe the sociodemographic characteristics by age, sex, and region in Colombia, based on the National Health Registry of data between January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedGabriel E. Fabreau, Linda Holdbrook, Cheryl E. Peters, Paul E. Ronksley, Amir Attaran, Kerry McBrien, Kevin Pottie
Clinical Microbiology and Infection, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
Migrant populations in high-income countries have faced myriad health and social inequities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Migrants often work in frontline essential services that expose them to COVID-19. Migrant workers in meat processing plants have endured large COVID-19 outbreaks across multiple countries.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedBrian L. Levy, Karl Vachuska, S. V. Subramanian, Robert J. Sampson
Science Advances, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
Science Advances, <a href='https://www.science.org/toc/sciadv/8/7'>Volume 8, Issue 7</a>, February 2022.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedMeredith B. Brooks, Melanie M. Dubois, Amyn A. Malik, Junaid F. Ahmed, Sara Siddiqui, Salman Khan, Manzoor Brohi, Teerath Das Valecha, Farhana Amanullah, Mercedes C. Becerra, Hamidah Hussain
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
by Meredith B. Brooks, Melanie M. Dubois, Amyn A. Malik, Junaid F. Ahmed, Sara Siddiqui, Salman Khan, Manzoor Brohi, Teerath Das Valecha, Farhana Amanullah, Mercedes C. Becerra, Hamidah Hussain
Objective To apply a cascade-of-care framework to evaluate the effectiveness—by age of the child—of an intensified tuberculosis patient-finding intervention. Design From a prospective screening program at four hospitals in Pakistan (2014–2016) we constructed a care cascade comprising six steps: screened, positive screen, evaluated, diagnosed, started treatment, and successful outcome. We evaluated the cascade by each year of age from 0 to 14 and report the age-specific mean proportion and standard deviation. Results On average across all ages, only 12.5% (standard deviation: 2.0%) of children with a positive screen were not evaluated. Among children who had a complete evaluation, the highest percentages of children diagnosed with tuberculosis were observed in children 0–4 (mean: 31.9%; standard deviation: 4.8%), followed by lower percentages in children 5–9 (mean: 22.4%; standard deviation: 2.2%), and 10–14 (mean: 26.0%; standard deviation:5.4%). Nearly all children diagnosed with tuberculosis initiated treatment, and an average of 93.3% (standard deviation: 3.3%) across all ages had successful treatment outcomes. Conclusions This intervention was highly effective across ages 0–14 years. Our study illustrates the utility of applying operational analyses of age-stratified cascades to identify age-specific gaps in pediatric tuberculosis care that can guide future, novel interventions to close these gaps.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJozef Lukáč, Cecília Olexová, Zuzana Kudlová
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
by Jozef Lukáč, Cecília Olexová, Zuzana Kudlová
A key factor for business management is the assessment of the financial situation of companies. Nowadays, it is essential to monitor the liquidity crisis, which is closely linked to corporate crises. The aim of the paper is to analyse a selected sector of the economy from the perspective of the corporate crisis and to identify the factors of crisis. More than 2000 engineering companies in Slovakia were analysed during the period from 2015 to 2019 with the aim of analysing financial results, especially in the area of financial forecast for the future. In the analysis, statistical testing of the significance of relationships using the Spearman correlation coefficient, the significance of differences by the power of t-test, regression and clustering were used. A significant part of the paper is the analysis of selected indicators of the company’s crisis—Altman’s Z score and the IN05 index. The results indicate that engineering companies in Slovakia are achieving good results and their financial situation is improving within the years between 2015–2019. The results can also be used as a starting point for research concerning the impact of COVID-19 in this area. In the context of corporate crisis management, engineering companies behave in the same way but it is necessary to monitor individual factors that can detect a corporate crisis. Possible measures would thus lead to the stabilization of financial results and long-term sustainable positive prospects for companies in the future.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedDamtew Solomon, Kebebe Bekele, Daniel Atlaw, Ayele Mamo, Habtamu Gezahegn, Tadele Regasa, Getahun Negash, Eshetu Nigussie, Demissu Zenbaba, Zinash Teferu, Fikadu Nugusu, Gela Atlie
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
by Damtew Solomon, Kebebe Bekele, Daniel Atlaw, Ayele Mamo, Habtamu Gezahegn, Tadele Regasa, Getahun Negash, Eshetu Nigussie, Demissu Zenbaba, Zinash Teferu, Fikadu Nugusu, Gela Atlie
Background Anemia found in diabetes patients is often unrecognized like many other chronic diseases. The occurrence of anemia is also an additional burden to the micro vascular complications of patients with diabetes. In the selected study structure no published data were found on the prevalence of anemia and associated factors in diabetic patients. Hence, the findings of this study are very fruitful as an input for further studies and after the repetition of similar studies in different frameworks. It is helpful as input for the development of guidelines at diabetes clinics to request the laboratory assessment of hemoglobin as a routine activity. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among diabetic patients who attended Bale zone hospitals. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted from September 2020–to January 2021 GC among adult diabetic patients who had follow-up at Bale zone hospitals. A total of 238 study participants were determined by single population proportion sample size calculation formula taking prevalence of anemia among adult diabetic patients 19.0%. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Information on demographic and associated factors of anemia in diabetic patients was collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Blood sample collection was performed under aseptic conditions by a licensed medical laboratory professional. Data were entered into EpiData version 3.1, cleaned and exported to statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 25 software tools. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with anemia in diabetic patients. P-value less than 0.05 and 95% CI were considered as statistically significant. The odds ratios were reported to indicate the strength of associations. Frequencies, percentages, charts and tables were used to summarize the characteristics of study participants. Results In this study anemia among adult diabetic patients is 18.1% (95% CI (13.2, 23.0%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the sex of the study participants and the type of diabetes mellitus were found to be statistically significant to associate with anemia. The odds of having anemia among females are nearly three times higher when compared with males (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.40–5.52). In addition, the odds of having anemia among adult diabetic patients who had type II diabetes mellitus (AOR 2.18, 95%CI 1.04–4.54) were 2.18 times higher than those who had type I diabetes mellitus patients. Conclusion Nearly one out of five adult diabetic patients had anemia. Sex of the patients and the type of diabetes are associated with anemia among adult diabetic patients.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedManel Boumegouas, Manjunath Raju, Joseph Gardiner, Neal Hammer, Yehia Saleh, Abdullah Al-Abcha, Apoorv Kalra, George S. Abela
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
by Manel Boumegouas, Manjunath Raju, Joseph Gardiner, Neal Hammer, Yehia Saleh, Abdullah Al-Abcha, Apoorv Kalra, George S. Abela
Background The interaction between pathogenic bacteria and cholesterol crystals (CCs) has not been investigated. However, CCs are found extensively in atherosclerotic plaques and sclerotic cardiac valves. Interactions between pathogenic bacteria and CCs could provide insights into destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques and bacterial adhesion to cardiac valves. Methods Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used to assess in vitro bacterial adhesion to CCs and proliferation in the presence of CCs compared to plastic microspheres and glass shards as controls. Ex vivo studies evaluated bacterial adhesion to atherosclerotic rabbit arteries compared to normal arteries and human atherosclerotic carotid plaques compared to normal carotid arteries. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize bacterial adhesion to CCs and confocal microscopy was used to detect cholesterol binding to bacteria grown in the presence or absence of CCs. Results In vitro, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa displayed significantly greater adhesion, 36% (p<0.0001) and 89% (p<0.0001), respectively, and growth upon exposure to CCs compared to microspheres or glass shards. Rabbit and human atherosclerotic arteries contained significantly greater bacterial burdens compared to controls (4× (p<0.0004); 3× (p<0.019), respectively. SEM demonstrated that bacteria adhered and appeared to degrade CCs. Consistent with this, confocal microscopy indicated increased cholesterol bound to the bacterial cells. Conclusions This study is the first to demonstrate an interaction between bacteria and CCs showing that bacteria dissolve and bind to CCs. This interaction helps to elucidate adhesion of bacteria to sclerotic valves and atherosclerotic plaques that may contribute to endocarditis and plaque destabilization.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedIsmaila Sonko, Min-Huey Chung, Wen-Hsuan Hou, Wei-Ti Chen, Pi-Chen Chang
PLoS One Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
by Ismaila Sonko, Min-Huey Chung, Wen-Hsuan Hou, Wei-Ti Chen, Pi-Chen Chang
Background Worldwide, an estimated 38.0 million people lived with the human immunodeficiency virus in 2019, and 3.4 million young people aged 15~24 years were living with HIV. Sub-Saharan Africa carries a significant HIV burden with West and Central Africa most affected with HIV. Among the young people living with HIV in West and Central Africa, an estimated 810,000 were aged 15~24 years. This study aimed to assess predictors that influence the uptake of HIV testing among youth aged 15~24 years in The Gambia. Methods The 2013 Gambia Demographic and Health Survey data for youth aged 15~24 years was used. The Andersen behavioral model of health service use guided this study. A cross-sectional study design was used on 6194 subjects, among which 4730 were female. The analysis employed Chi-squared tests and hierarchical logistic regression. Results Less than one-quarter of the youth 1404 (22.6%) had ever been tested for HIV. Young people aged 20~24 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.98), who were females (aOR: 1.13), married youth (aOR: 3.89), with a primary (aOR: 1.23), secondary or higher education (aOR: 1.46), and who were from the Jola/Karoninka ethnic group (aOR: 1.81), had higher odds of having been tested for HIV. Those with adequate HIV knowledge and those who were sexually active and had aged at first sex ≥15 years (aOR: 3.99) and those
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEtienne Simon-Loriere, Olivier Schwartz
Nat Rev Microbiol, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
Nature Reviews Microbiology, Published online: 18 February 2022; doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00708-xThe magnitude of immune evasion of Omicron raises the question whether it should be considered as a distinct SARS-CoV-2 serotype. Here, we discuss lines of evidence in support or against the concept of SARS-CoV-2 serotypes, and the implications of this classification.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedEmerging Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 18.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
Meyer M, Ruebsteck E, Eifinger F, et al.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
AbstractThe aim of this retrospective analysis was to provide information on how infections with RSV and SARS-CoV-2 differ in symptoms, clinical course, outcome and the utilization of hospital care. We investigated 748 PCR results from symptomatic children aged 0 - 4 years in Cologne, Germany. 169 patients were tested positive for RSV (22.6%) and 24 children for SARS-CoV-2 (3.2%). Symptomatic patients with RSV-infection were hospitalized significantly longer. RSV-positive patients needed O2-supplementation significantly more often as well as High Flow-therapy. With regard to care efforts, RSV-infected patients put higher pressure on the hospital and utilized more hospital resources.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedJohnson R, Asashima H, Mohanty S, et al.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
AbstractChlamydia trachomatis serovars A-L cause important diseases of the eyes and reproductive tract by infecting epithelium lining those organs. A major hurdle for vaccine trials is finding a surrogate biomarker for protective immunity. Investigational data argues for T cell biomarker(s) reflecting mucosal adaption, cytokine polarization, B cell help, antibacterial effector mechanisms, or some combination thereof. A human investigation and two mouse studies link IL-13 to protection from infection/immunopathology. We performed RNAseq on T cells resident in spleens and genital tracts (gt) of naturally immune mice. CD4 signatures were consistent with helper function that differed by site including a gt specific Fgl2 signal. The gt CD8 signature featured IL-10 and promotion of healing/scarring with a unique transcription of granzyme A. The RNAseq data was used to refine previously published CD4γ13 and CD8γ13 transcriptomes derived from protective T cell clones, potentially identifying practicable T cell subset signatures for assessing chlamydia vaccine candidates.
Læs mere Tjek på PubMedNoh J, Yang J, Hwang S, et al.
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 16.02.2022
Tilføjet 18.02.2022
AbstractA prospective cohort study was conducted for adults diagnosed with COVID-19. Convalescent blood was obtained at 4, 6, and 11 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The seropositivity of anti-spike antibody was maintained in all patients (100%) until 11 months after COVID-19. Neutralizing antibody levels against the wild-type SARS-CoV-2 gradually decreased but remained positive in more than 50% of patients 11 months after diagnosis: 98.5% (67/68) at 4 months, 86.8% (46/53) at 6 months, and 58.8% (40/68). However, cross-neutralizing activity against the Beta and Delta variants was attenuated 2.53-fold and 2.93-fold, respectively, compared to the wild-type strain.
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