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1
Reinstating universal health coverage on the global agenda
The Lancet
Lancet, 4.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
Who remembers universal health coverage (UHC)? The World Health Organization defines UHC as all individuals and communities receiving the health services they need without suffering financial hardship. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, achieving this target was a top priority in global health, as it underpins Sustainable Development Goal 3: to ensure health and wellbeing for all. But as countries focused on the pandemic, the world's health community has neglected to sustain the momentum needed to achieve UHC.
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2
Boosters appear effective, but are they always needed?
K Srinath Reddy
Lancet, 30.10.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
High efficacy rates of the mRNA vaccines against symptomatic COVID-19, reported from clinical trials, kindled hope that they would prevent all infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. Currently approved vaccines provide high levels of protection against serious illness, but do not confer mucosal immunity to resist entry of the virus into the respiratory tract. When mostly mild breakthrough infections were reported from different countries,1–3 concern arose that individuals with a fast fading immune response to the standard vaccination schedule might experience serious illness if infected.
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3
Global surveillance, research, and collaboration needed to improve understanding and management of long COVID
Helen Ward, Barnaby Flower, Patricia J Garcia, Sean Wei Xiang Ong, Daniel M Altmann, Brendan Delaney, Nikki Smith, Paul Elliott, Graham Cooke
Lancet, 11.11.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
The scale of chronic ill health and disability after COVID-19 has been described as the next big global health challenge.1 Prevalence estimates of a post-COVID-19 condition, long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 vary according to definition, methodology, and population. A recent systematic review reported persistent symptoms at 3–6 months in a median of 57% (range 13–92) of hospitalised patients (six studies) and 26% (2–62) of non-hospitalised patients (ten studies).2 This study and other reviews identified few studies from low-income settings,3 but with more than 245 million SARS-CoV-2 infections reported globally,4 millions of people are likely to already be experiencing long-term illness.
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4
Hope for nutrition summit as global hunger spikes
John Zarocostas
Lancet, 4.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
As COVID-19, climate change, and conflict drive hunger and malnutrition, the health community looks towards the Nutrition For Growth Summit. John Zarocostas reports.
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5
Obligations in a global health emergency
Kayvan Bozorgmehr, Rosa Jahn
Lancet, 4.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
Ezekiel Emanuel and colleagues1 emphasise the ethical obligations of pharmaceutical companies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic on the basis of four ethical principles: optimising vaccine production; fair distribution; sustainability; and accountability.
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6
Obligations in a global health emergency – Authors' reply
Ezekiel J Emanuel, Cécile Fabre, Lisa Herzog, Ole F Norheim, Govind Persad, G Owen Schaefer, Kok-Chor Tan
Lancet, 4.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
We thank Felipe de Carvalho Borges da Fonseca and colleagues, and Kayvan Bozorgmehr and Rosa Jahn for their comments on our Viewpoint.1 We agree with de Carvalho Borges da Fonseca and colleagues about the need for “a more equitable, sustainable, and accountable medical innovation system”. Whether waiving patent rights will meaningfully improve access to COVID-19 vaccines for low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), particularly in the short term, is an empirical matter. There is wide agreement that intellectual property (IP) for mRNA vaccines is not a primary barrier to vaccinating the world;2,3 vaccine production, distribution, and administration are the rate-limiting steps.
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7
The effects of the national HPV vaccination programme in England, UK, on cervical cancer and grade 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia incidence: a register-based observational study
Milena Falcaro, Alejandra Castañon, Busani Ndlela, Marta Checchi, Kate Soldan, Jamie Lopez-Bernal, Lucy Elliss-Brookes, Peter Sasieni
Lancet, 4.11.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
We observed a substantial reduction in cervical cancer and incidence of CIN3 in young women after the introduction of the HPV immunisation programme in England, especially in individuals who were offered the vaccine at age 12–13 years. The HPV immunisation programme has successfully almost eliminated cervical cancer in women born since Sept 1, 1995.
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8
Effectiveness of a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for preventing severe outcomes in Israel: an observational study
Noam Barda, Noa Dagan, Cyrille Cohen, Miguel A Hernán, Marc Lipsitch, Isaac S Kohane, Ben Y Reis, Ran D Balicer
Lancet, 30.10.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
Our findings suggest that a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective in protecting individuals against severe COVID-19-related outcomes, compared with receiving only two doses at least 5 months ago.
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9
Fever, abdominal pain, serositis, arthralgia, hearing loss, proteinuria, and a family history: Muckle Wells syndrome
Shahad H Al-Matar, Charith Sairam, Lucie Roussel, Mélanie J Langelier, Donald C Vinh
Lancet, 4.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
A 53-year-old man presented with a 3-week history of fevers, intermittent abdominal pain, anorexia, arthralgias, fatigue, generalised body swelling, and 6·8 kg of unintentional weight loss.
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10
Cyclospora cayetanensis
Junqiang Li, Kaihui Zhang, Longxian Zhang
Trends in Parasitology, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
Cyclospora cayetanensis is a coccidian parasite that causes gastrointestinal symptoms only in humans. International travel and food importation from cyclosporiasis-endemic regions are linked to cyclosporiasis outbreaks, making it not only a burden on individual health but also a global public threat. Human cyclosporiasis has been identified in at least 54 countries, with the disease being most common in low-income developing countries. It is transmitted via the fecal–oral route and has both asexual and sexual development stages.
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11
Heterologous infection and vaccination shapes immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants
Catherine J. Reynolds, Joseph M. Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Kai-Min Lin, Diana Munoz Sandoval, Franziska Pieper, David K. Butler, Siyi Liu, Ashley D. Otter, George Joy, Katia Menacho, Marianna Fontana, Angelique Smit, Beatrix Kele, Teresa Cutino-Moguel, Mala K. Maini, Mahdad Noursadeghi, COVIDsortium Immune Correlates Network‡, Tim Brooks, Amanda Semper, Charlotte Manisty,, Thomas A. Treibel,, James C. Moon,, , Áine McKnight, Daniel M. Altmann, Rosemary J. Boyton,
Science, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
12
Structural basis for continued antibody evasion by the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain
Katherine G. Nabel, Sarah A. Clark, Sundaresh Shankar, Junhua Pan, Lars E. Clark, Pan Yang, Adrian Coscia, Lindsay G. A. McKay, Haley H. Varnum, Vesna Brusic, Nicole V. Tolan, Guohai Zhou, Michaël Desjardins,, Sarah E. Turbett,, Sanjat Kanjilal,, Amy C. Sherman, Anand Dighe, Regina C. LaRocque, Edward T. Ryan,, Casey Tylek, Joel F. Cohen-Solal, Anhdao T. Darcy, Davide Tavella, Anca Clabbers, Yao Fan, Anthony Griffiths, Ivan R. Correia, Jane Seagal, Lindsey R. Baden,,, Richelle C. Charles, Jonathan Abraham,,,
Science, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
13
4′-Fluorouridine is an oral antiviral that blocks respiratory syncytial virus and SARS-CoV-2 replication
Julien Sourimant, Carolin M. Lieber, Megha Aggarwal, Robert M. Cox, Josef D. Wolf, Jeong-Joong Yoon, Mart Toots, Chengin Ye, Zachary Sticher, Alexander A. Kolykhalov,, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Gregory R. Bluemling,, Michael G. Natchus, George R. Painter,,, Richard K. Plemper,
Science, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
14
Impact of community masking on COVID-19: A cluster-randomized trial in Bangladesh
Jason Abaluck, Laura H. Kwong,, Ashley Styczynski, Ashraful Haque, Md. Alamgir Kabir, Ellen Bates-Jefferys, Emily Crawford, Jade Benjamin-Chung, Shabib Raihan, Shadman Rahman, Salim Benhachmi, Neeti Zaman Bintee, Peter J. Winch, Maqsud Hossain, Hasan Mahmud Reza, Abdullah All Jaber, Shawkee Gulshan Momen, Aura Rahman, Faika Laz Banti, Tahrima Saiha Huq, Stephen P. Luby,, Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak,
Science, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
15
How to be prepared for the future
Raina MacIntyre
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
Global Health Security–a blueprint for the future, by Lawrence O. Gostin, is a sweeping journey across current and future issues in health security and the urgency of addressing current gaps in governance. Gostin begins with the COVID-19 pandemic, arguably the greatest global catastrophe in over 100 years, and asks the question why the world was so unprepared. He makes a compelling case for the importance of global cooperation and the risk of national interests overriding global interests in pandemic control.
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16
Effect of preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel on schistosomiasis among school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa: a spatiotemporal modelling study
Christos Kokaliaris, Amadou Garba, Martin Matuska, Rachel N Bronzan, Daniel G Colley, Ameyo M Dorkenoo, Uwem F Ekpo, Fiona M Fleming, Michael D French, Achille Kabore, Jean B Mbonigaba, Nicholas Midzi, Pauline N M Mwinzi, Eliézer K N'Goran, Maria Rebollo Polo, Moussa Sacko, Louis-Albert Tchuem Tchuenté, Edridah M Tukahebwa, Pitchouna A Uvon, Guojing Yang, Lisa Wiesner, Yaobi Zhang, Jürg Utzinger, Penelope Vounatsou
Lancet Infectious Diseases, 3.12.2021
Tilføjet 3.12.2021
Our model-based estimates suggest that schistosomiasis prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa has decreased considerably, most likely explained by the scale-up of preventive chemotherapy. There is a need to consolidate gains in the control of schistosomiasis by means of preventive chemotherapy, coupled with other interventions to interrupt disease transmission.
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17
Risk Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among US Healthcare Personnel, May–December 2020
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
18
Streptococcus gallolyticus and Bacterial Endocarditis in Swine, United States, 2015–2020
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
19
Monitoring International Travelers Arriving in Hong Kong for Genomic Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
20
Atezolizumab Treatment for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
21
Limited Propagation of SARS-CoV-2 among Children in a Childcare Center, Canada, 2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
22
Cluster of SARS-CoV-2 Gamma Variant Infections, Parintins, Brazil, March 2021
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
23
Transmission Dynamics of Large Coronavirus Disease Outbreak in Homeless Shelter, Chicago, Illinois, USA, 2020
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8.10.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
24
Use of Private Sector Workforce Respiratory Disease Short-Term Disability Claims to Assess SARS-CoV-2, Mexico, 2020
Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5.10.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
25
Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection increases reactogenicity after SARS-COV-2 mRNA vaccine and could delay the administration of the vaccine based on timing of infection
Infection, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
26
Epidemiology and in vitro activity of ceftazidime–avibactam, meropenem–vaborbactam, imipenem–relebactam, eravacycline, plazomicin, and comparators against Greek carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates
Infection, 2.12.2021
Tilføjet 2.12.2021
Abstract
Background
The increase in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections is of great concern because of limited treatment options. New antimicrobials were recently approved for clinical therapy. This study evaluated the epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae isolates collected at a Greek university hospital during 2017–2020, and their susceptibilities to ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ/AVI), meropenem–vaborbactam (M/V), imipenem–relebactam (I/R), eravacycline, plazomicin, and comparators.
Methods
Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were evaluated by Etest. Only colistin MICs were determined by the broth microdilution method. Carbapenemase genes were detected by PCR. Selected isolates were typed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).
Results
A total of 266 carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae strains were isolated during the 4-year study period. Among them, KPC was the most prevalent (75.6%), followed by NDM (11.7%), VIM (5.6%), and OXA-48 (4.1%). KPC-producing isolates belonged mainly to ST258 and NDM producers belonged to ST11, whereas OXA-48- and VIM producers were polyclonal. Susceptibility to tigecycline, fosfomycin, and colistin was 80.5%, 83.8%, and 65.8%, respectively. Of the novel agents tested, plazomicin was the most active inhibiting 94% of the isolates at ≤ 1.5 μg/ml. CAZ/AVI and M/V inhibited all KPC producers and I/R 98.5% of them. All OXA-48 producers were susceptible to CAZ/AVI and plazomicin. The novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BLBLIs) tested were inactive against MBL-positive isolates, while eravacycline inhibited 61.3% and 66.7% of the NDM and VIM producers, respectively.
Conclusions
KPC remains the predominant carbapenemase among K. pneumoniae, followed by NDM. Novel BLBLIs, eravacycline, and plazomicin are promising agents for combating infections by carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae. However, the emergence of resistance to these agents highlights the need for continuous surveillance and application of enhanced antimicrobial stewardship.
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